Prática de Shadowing: The Truth About Bisexuality - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Gay genes exist.
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Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.
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But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?
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The answer is insane.
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New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,
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we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.
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You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.
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Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,
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there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.
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For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,
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3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.
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The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,
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certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.
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Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,
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the response increases and turns on gay genes.
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The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation
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and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.
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The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.
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Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.
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It's an insane sentence, but it's true.
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The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,
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a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.
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Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,
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compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.
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By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.
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In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.
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Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.
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Posited by scientists
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that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a
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gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.
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And finally, what about bisexual men?
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Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.
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Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.
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A study from the UK Biobank posits
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that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks
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would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.
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Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further
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and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.
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This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes
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that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.
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Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.
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Sup, boys?
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These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.
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In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.
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But it's not just us.
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Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.
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There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts
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and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,
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there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.
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Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.
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I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.
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We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.
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Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.
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I suppose
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “The Truth About Bisexuality”. As palavras que mais se repetem: gay, genes, biological, brother, likely. Este vídeo tem 54 frases e 728 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:49. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 191 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| gene substantivo | /d͡ʒiːn/ | gene |
| biological adjetivo | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | biológico |
| bisexual adjetivo | /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/ | bissexual |
| evolution substantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolução |
| insane adjetivo | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | insano, doido |
| genetic adjetivo | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | genético |
| evolutionary adjetivo | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | evolutivo |
| fetus substantivo | /ˈfiːtəs/ | feto |
| uncle substantivo | /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ | tio |
| essentially advérbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | em essência, essencialmente |
| odd adjetivo | /ɑd/ | estranho, raro |
| potentially advérbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potencialmente |
| hunter substantivo | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | cão de caça, sabujo |
| survival substantivo | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | sobrevivência |
| extend verbo | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | estender, ampliar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | been linked · are decoded · been found |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have also been found · has been found · have been studied |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | men who have · men who happen · men who were |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 3 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, we'll, you're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, odd /ɑd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, homosexual /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, homosexual /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/, homophobic /ˈhoʊ.məˌfoʊ.bɪk/, homophobia /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como gene, biological, bisexual.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.