Pratica di Shadowing: The Truth About Bisexuality - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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54 frasi
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Gay genes exist.
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Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.
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But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?
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The answer is insane.
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New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,
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we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.
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You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.
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Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,
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there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.
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For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,
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3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.
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The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,
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certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.
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Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,
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the response increases and turns on gay genes.
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The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation
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and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.
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The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.
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Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.
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It's an insane sentence, but it's true.
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The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,
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a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.
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Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,
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compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.
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By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.
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In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.
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Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.
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Posited by scientists
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that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a
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gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.
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And finally, what about bisexual men?
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Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.
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Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.
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A study from the UK Biobank posits
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that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks
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would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.
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Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further
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and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.
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This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes
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that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.
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Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.
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Sup, boys?
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These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.
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In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.
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But it's not just us.
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Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.
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There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts
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and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,
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there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.
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Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.
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I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.
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We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.
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Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.
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I suppose
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “The Truth About Bisexuality”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: gay, genes, biological, brother, likely. Questo video contiene 54 frasi e 728 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:49. Chi parla va veloce, circa 191 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Solo il 80% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| gene sostantivo | /d͡ʒiːn/ | gene |
| biological aggettivo | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | biologico |
| bisexual aggettivo | /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/ | bisessuale |
| evolution sostantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evoluzione |
| insane aggettivo | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | insano, pazzo |
| genetic aggettivo | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | genetico |
| evolutionary aggettivo | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | evoluzionario, evolutivo |
| fetus sostantivo | /ˈfiːtəs/ | feto |
| uncle sostantivo | /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ | zio |
| essentially avverbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | in essenza |
| odd aggettivo | /ɑd/ | strano, strambo |
| potentially avverbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potenzialmente |
| hunter sostantivo | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | cane da caccia |
| survival sostantivo | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | sopravvivenza |
| expand verbo | /ɪkˈspænd/ | estendere, espandere |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| go through verbo | attraversare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | been linked · are decoded · been found |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have also been found · has been found · have been studied |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | men who have · men who happen · men who were |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 3 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, we'll, you're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, homosexual /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/, homophobic /ˈhoʊ.məˌfoʊ.bɪk/, homophobia /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, fetus /ˈfiːtəs/, odd /ɑd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/, antibody /ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come gene, biological, bisexual.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.