Shadowing Practice: The Truth About Bisexuality - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Gay genes exist.
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Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.
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But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?
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The answer is insane.
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New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,
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we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.
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You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.
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Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,
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there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.
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For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,
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3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.
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The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,
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certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.
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Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,
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the response increases and turns on gay genes.
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The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation
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and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.
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The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.
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Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.
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It's an insane sentence, but it's true.
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The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,
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a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.
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Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,
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compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.
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By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.
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In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.
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Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.
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Posited by scientists
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that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a
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gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.
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And finally, what about bisexual men?
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Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.
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Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.
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A study from the UK Biobank posits
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that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks
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would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.
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Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further
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and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.
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This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes
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that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.
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Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.
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Sup, boys?
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These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.
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In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.
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But it's not just us.
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Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.
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There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts
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and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,
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there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.
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Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.
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I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.
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We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.
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Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.
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I suppose
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “The Truth About Bisexuality”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: gay, genes, biological, brother, likely. Deze video bevat 54 zinnen en 728 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:49. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 191 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 80% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| gene zelfstandig naamwoord | /d͡ʒiːn/ | gen |
| biological bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | biologisch, biologische |
| bisexual bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/ | biseksueel |
| evolution zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolutie |
| insane bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | gestoord, waanzinnig |
| genetic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | genetisch |
| evolutionary bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | evolutionair |
| fetus zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfiːtəs/ | foetus |
| uncle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ | oom, nonkel |
| essentially bijwoord | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | essentieel |
| odd bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɑd/ | vreemd, merkwaardig |
| potentially bijwoord | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potentieel |
| hunter zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | jachthond |
| survival zelfstandig naamwoord | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | overleven, overleving |
| expand werkwoord | /ɪkˈspænd/ | vergroten, uitbreiden |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | been linked · are decoded · been found |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have also been found · has been found · have been studied |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | men who have · men who happen · men who were |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 3 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we'll, you're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, odd /ɑd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/, antibody /ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: pregnancy /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/, gayness /ˈɡeɪ.nəs/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als gene, biological, bisexual.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.