Pratique du Shadowing: The Truth About Bisexuality - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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54 phrases
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Gay genes exist.
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Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.
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But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?
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The answer is insane.
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New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,
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we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.
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You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.
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Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,
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there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.
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For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,
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3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.
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The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,
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certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.
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Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,
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the response increases and turns on gay genes.
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The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation
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and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.
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The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.
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Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.
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It's an insane sentence, but it's true.
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The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,
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a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.
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Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,
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compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.
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By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.
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In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.
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Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.
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Posited by scientists
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that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a
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gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.
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And finally, what about bisexual men?
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Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.
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Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.
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A study from the UK Biobank posits
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that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks
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would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.
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Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further
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and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.
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This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes
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that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.
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Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.
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Sup, boys?
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These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.
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In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.
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But it's not just us.
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Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.
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There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts
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and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,
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there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.
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Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.
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I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.
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We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.
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Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.
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I suppose
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Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
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VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Truth About Bisexuality ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : gay, genes, biological, brother, likely. Cette vidéo contient 54 phrases et 728 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:49. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 191 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| gene nom | /d͡ʒiːn/ | gène |
| biological adjectif | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | biologique |
| bisexual adjectif | /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/ | bisexuel |
| evolution nom | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | évolution |
| insane adjectif | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | dérangé, délirant |
| genetic adjectif | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | génétique |
| successive adjectif | /səkˈsɛsɪv/ | successif |
| evolutionary adjectif | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | évolutif, évolutionnaire |
| fetus nom | /ˈfiːtəs/ | fœtus, fétus |
| uncle nom | /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ | oncle, tonton |
| essentially adverbe | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | essentiellement, en essence |
| odd adjectif | /ɑd/ | bizarre, étrange |
| potentially adverbe | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potentiellement |
| hunter nom | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | chien de chasse |
| survival nom | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | survie |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go through verbe | traverser |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | been linked · are decoded · been found |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have also been found · has been found · have been studied |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | men who have · men who happen · men who were |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 3 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, we'll, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, homosexual /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/, homophobic /ˈhoʊ.məˌfoʊ.bɪk/, homophobia /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: gene /d͡ʒiːn/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, genetically /d͡ʒəˈneɾɪkli/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, pregnancy /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, orientation /ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme gene, biological, bisexual.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.