跟读练习: The Truth About Bisexuality - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Gay genes exist.

Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.

But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?

The answer is insane.

New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,

we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.

You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.

Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,

there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.

For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,

3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.

The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,

certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.

Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,

the response increases and turns on gay genes.

The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation

and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.

The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.

Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.

It's an insane sentence, but it's true.

The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,

a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.

Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,

compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.

By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.

In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.

Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.

Posited by scientists

that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a

gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.

And finally, what about bisexual men?

Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.

Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.

A study from the UK Biobank posits

that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks

would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.

Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further

and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.

This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes

that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.

Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.

Sup, boys?

These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.

In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.

But it's not just us.

Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.

There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts

and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,

there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.

Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.

I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.

We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.

Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.

I suppose

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“The Truth About Bisexuality”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：gay, genes, biological, brother, likely。这段视频共有 54 个句子、728 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 3:49。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 191 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
gene 名词	/d͡ʒiːn/	基因
biological 形容词	/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/	生物
bisexual 形容词	/baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/	雙性戀的 /双性恋的
evolution 名词	/ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/	演變 /演变, 變遷 /变迁
insane 形容词	/ɪnˈseɪn/	精神失常, 精神錯亂 /精神错乱
fetus 名词	/ˈfiːtəs/	胎兒 /胎儿, 胎
uncle 名词	/ˈʌŋ.kl̩/	伯父, 伯伯
essentially 副词	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本质上, 基本上
odd 形容词	/ɑd/	奇怪
hunter 名词	/ˈhʌntɚ/	獵犬 /猎犬
survival 名词	/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/	生存
expand 动词	/ɪkˈspænd/	擴展 /扩展, 擴張 /扩张
pregnancy 名词	/ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/	懷孕 /怀孕, 妊娠
invest 动词	/ɪnˈvɛst/	耗費 /耗费, 投資 /投资
interaction 名词	/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/	相互作用

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
go through 动词	通過 /通过

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	been linked · are decoded · been found
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have also been found · has been found · have been studied
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	men who have · men who happen · men who were

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, we'll, you're。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
长单词——注意重音位置: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, fetus /ˈfiːtəs/, odd /ɑd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 gene, biological, bisexual 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: The Truth About Bisexuality - 通过视频学习英语口语

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