跟读练习: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.
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But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.
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Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.
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In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.
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Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,
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and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,
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when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.
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Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.
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In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.
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As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.
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In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.
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We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.
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But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.
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In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.
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Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.
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In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico
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that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.
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People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.
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Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.
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Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,
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and 3-5% of the world died.
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Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.
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Modern medicine saves millions of lives.
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The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.
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When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,
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modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.
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When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,
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making some estimates millions higher.
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As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.
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Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.
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In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.
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For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.
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As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.
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But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.
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By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,
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disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.
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Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.
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If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,
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which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.
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We really appreciate all the support through the years and couldn't make these videos without you.
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If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.
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It all helps keep our channel going in the YouTube algorithm and means a lot to us.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Your Life Now Vs. In The Past”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence。 这段视频共有 42 个句子、692 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:01。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 172 个词，接近日常对话。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| malnutrition 名词 | /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | 營養不良 /营养不良 |
| smallpox 名词 | /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ | 天花 |
| starvation 名词 | /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ | 飢餓 /饥饿, 糧荒 /粮荒 |
| outbreak 名词 | /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ | 爆發 /爆发 |
| bacterium 名词 | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | 細菌 /细菌 |
| carbohydrate 名词 | /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ | 碳水化合物, 醣類 /糖类 |
| colonize 动词 | /ˈkɑlənaɪz/ | 拓殖, 殖民 |
| eradicate 动词 | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | 根除 |
| flotilla 名词 | /floʊˈtɪlə/ | 小船隊 /小船队, 區艦隊 /区舰队 |
| infect 动词 | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | 傳染 /传染, 感染 |
| nutritious 形容词 | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | 有營養 /有营养 |
| rethink 动词 | /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/ | 再想, 重想 |
| succumb 动词 | /səˈkʌm/ | 屈服 |
| beetle 名词 | /ˈbiːtəl/ | 甲蟲 /甲虫, 甲殼蟲 /甲壳虫 |
| dwell 动词 | /dwɛl/ | 居住, 住 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| check out 动词 | 退房 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 aren't, couldn't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, outbreak /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 malnutrition, smallpox, starvation 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。