Shadowing Practice: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.
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But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.
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Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.
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In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.
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Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,
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and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,
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when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.
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Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.
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In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.
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As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.
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In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.
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We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.
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But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.
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In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.
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Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.
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In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico
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that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.
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People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.
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Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.
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Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,
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and 3-5% of the world died.
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Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.
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Modern medicine saves millions of lives.
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The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.
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When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,
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modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.
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When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,
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making some estimates millions higher.
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As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.
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Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.
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In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.
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For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.
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As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.
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But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.
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By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,
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disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.
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Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.
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If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,
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which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.
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If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “Your Life Now Vs. In The Past”. Las palabras que más se repiten: disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence. Este vídeo tiene 42 frases y 692 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:01. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 172 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| malnutrition sustantivo | /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | malnutrición |
| smallpox sustantivo | /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ | viruela |
| starvation sustantivo | /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ | inanición, hambreada |
| advancement sustantivo | /ædˈvæns.mənt/ | ascenso, progreso |
| outbreak sustantivo | /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ | brote, irrupción |
| bacterium sustantivo | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | bacteria |
| carbohydrate sustantivo | /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ | carbohidrato, hidrato de carbono |
| colonize verbo | /ˈkɑlənaɪz/ | colonizar |
| eradicate verbo | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | erradicar, descuajar |
| flotilla sustantivo | /floʊˈtɪlə/ | flotilla |
| horrify verbo | /ˈhɒɹɪfaɪ/ | horripilar |
| infect verbo | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | infectar, contagiar |
| nutritious adjetivo | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | nutritivo, nutriente |
| rethink verbo | /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/ | repensar, reflexionar |
| succumb verbo | /səˈkʌm/ | sucumbir |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | investigar, chequear |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como aren't, couldn't, don't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como malnutrition, smallpox, starvation.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.