Shadowing Practice: How Is Your Phone Changing You? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a cell phone, which is pretty shocking given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working toilet.
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So how are these popular gadgets changing your body and brain?
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If you're looking down at your phone right now, your spine angle is equivalent to that of an 8 year old child sitting on your neck,
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which is fairly significant considering people spend an average of 4.7 hours a day looking at their phone.
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This, combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, has led to an increase in the prevalence of myopia or nearsightedness in North America.
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In the 1970s, about one quarter of the population had myopia, where today nearly half do, and in some parts of Asia,
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80-90% of the population is now nearsighted.
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And it can be hard to put your phone down.
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Take for example the game Candy Crush.
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As you play the game, you achieve small goals, causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of dopamine.
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and eventually you're rewarded in the game with new content.
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This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine and together create what is known as a compulsion loop,
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which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the behaviors associated with nicotine or cocaine.
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Our brains are hardwired to make us novelty seeking, and this is why apps on our phones are designed to constantly provide us with new content, making them hard to put down.
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As a result, 93% of young people aged 18-29 report using their smartphone as a tool to avoid boredom,
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as opposed to other activities like reading a book or engaging with people around them.
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This has created a new term, gnomophobia, the fear or anxiety of being without your phone.
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We also see a change in brain patterns.
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Alpha rhythms are commonly associated with wakeful relaxation, like when your mind wanders off, whereas gamma waves are associated with conscious attentiveness.
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And experiments have shown that when a cell phone is transmitting, say during a phone call, the power of these alpha waves is significantly boosted,
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meaning phone transmissions can literally change the way your brain functions.
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Your smartphone can also disrupt your sleep.
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The screen emits a blue light which has been shown to alter our circadian rhythms, diminishing the time spent in deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, cancer and obesity.
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Studies have shown that people who read on their smartphone at night have a harder time falling asleep and produce less melatonin, a hormone responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.
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Harvard Medical School advises the last 2-3 hours before bed be technology free, so pick up a book before bed instead.
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Of course, smartphones also completely change our ability to access information, most notably in poor and minority populations.
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7% of Americans are entirely dependent on smartphones for their access to the internet.
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A 2014 study found that the majority of smartphone owners use their phone for online banking, to look up medical information, and searching for jobs.
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So while phones are in no way exclusively bad, and have been part of a positive change in the world, there's no denying that they are changing us.
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But many successful people have now decided to take smartphone vacations in order to increase productivity.
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In our new ASAP Thought video, we break down the top 6 reasons you should take a smartphone vacation and how it could benefit your life right now.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “How Is Your Phone Changing You?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: smartphone, brain, billion, associated, shown. Este vídeo tiene 32 frases y 587 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:11. El hablante habla rápido, unas 185 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 81 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| smartphone sustantivo | /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ | teléfono inteligente |
| dopamine sustantivo | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamina |
| myopia sustantivo | /maɪˈoʊ.pi.ə/ | miopía |
| novelty sustantivo | /ˈnɑvəlti/ | novedad |
| rhythm sustantivo | /ˈɹɪð.əm/ | ritmo |
| burst verbo | /bɜːst/ | reventar |
| attentiveness sustantivo | consideración | |
| boredom sustantivo | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | aburrimiento, tedio |
| circadian adjetivo | /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/ | circadiano |
| compulsion sustantivo | /kəmˈpʌlʃən/ | compulsión |
| diminish verbo | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | disminuir, diminuir |
| gadget sustantivo | /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/ | artilugio, aparato |
| melatonin sustantivo | /ˌmɛləˈtəʊnɪn/ | melatonina |
| nearsightedness sustantivo | /nɪəɹˈsaɪ.tɪd.nəs/ | miopía |
| nicotine sustantivo | /ˈnɪkətiːn/ | nicotina |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| break down verbo | descomponerse, averiarse | |
| look up verbo | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | mejorar |
| pick up verbo | coger, asir | |
| put down verbo | menospreciar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has led · has created · have shown |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is now nearsighted · be rewarded · is known |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | phone, which is · light which has · people who read |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: myopia /maɪˈoʊ.pi.ə/, circadian /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/, melatonin /ˌmɛləˈtəʊnɪn/, nearsightedness /nɪəɹˈsaɪ.tɪd.nəs/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, spine /spaɪn/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: novelty /ˈnɑvəlti/, prevalence /ˈpɹɛvələns/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: oppose /əˈpoʊz/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como smartphone, dopamine, myopia.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.