Shadowing Practice: How Is Your Phone Changing You? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a cell phone, which is pretty shocking given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working toilet.
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So how are these popular gadgets changing your body and brain?
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If you're looking down at your phone right now, your spine angle is equivalent to that of an 8 year old child sitting on your neck,
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which is fairly significant considering people spend an average of 4.7 hours a day looking at their phone.
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This, combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, has led to an increase in the prevalence of myopia or nearsightedness in North America.
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In the 1970s, about one quarter of the population had myopia, where today nearly half do, and in some parts of Asia,
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80-90% of the population is now nearsighted.
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And it can be hard to put your phone down.
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Take for example the game Candy Crush.
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As you play the game, you achieve small goals, causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of dopamine.
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and eventually you're rewarded in the game with new content.
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This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine and together create what is known as a compulsion loop,
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which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the behaviors associated with nicotine or cocaine.
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Our brains are hardwired to make us novelty seeking, and this is why apps on our phones are designed to constantly provide us with new content, making them hard to put down.
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As a result, 93% of young people aged 18-29 report using their smartphone as a tool to avoid boredom,
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as opposed to other activities like reading a book or engaging with people around them.
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This has created a new term, gnomophobia, the fear or anxiety of being without your phone.
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We also see a change in brain patterns.
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Alpha rhythms are commonly associated with wakeful relaxation, like when your mind wanders off, whereas gamma waves are associated with conscious attentiveness.
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And experiments have shown that when a cell phone is transmitting, say during a phone call, the power of these alpha waves is significantly boosted,
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meaning phone transmissions can literally change the way your brain functions.
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Your smartphone can also disrupt your sleep.
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The screen emits a blue light which has been shown to alter our circadian rhythms, diminishing the time spent in deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, cancer and obesity.
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Studies have shown that people who read on their smartphone at night have a harder time falling asleep and produce less melatonin, a hormone responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.
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Harvard Medical School advises the last 2-3 hours before bed be technology free, so pick up a book before bed instead.
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Of course, smartphones also completely change our ability to access information, most notably in poor and minority populations.
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7% of Americans are entirely dependent on smartphones for their access to the internet.
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A 2014 study found that the majority of smartphone owners use their phone for online banking, to look up medical information, and searching for jobs.
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So while phones are in no way exclusively bad, and have been part of a positive change in the world, there's no denying that they are changing us.
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But many successful people have now decided to take smartphone vacations in order to increase productivity.
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In our new ASAP Thought video, we break down the top 6 reasons you should take a smartphone vacation and how it could benefit your life right now.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “How Is Your Phone Changing You?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: smartphone, brain, billion, associated, shown. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 32 cümle ve 587 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:11 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 185 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin yalnızca %81’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| smartphone isim | /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ | akıllı telefon |
| dopamine isim | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamin |
| novelty isim | /ˈnɑvəlti/ | yenilik |
| rhythm isim | /ˈɹɪð.əm/ | ritim, ritm |
| burst fiil | /bɜːst/ | patlamak |
| boredom isim | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | can sıkıntısı, bunaltı |
| melatonin isim | /ˌmɛləˈtəʊnɪn/ | melatonin |
| nearsightedness isim | /nɪəɹˈsaɪ.tɪd.nəs/ | miyop |
| nicotine isim | /ˈnɪkətiːn/ | nikotin |
| wander fiil | /ˈwɑndɚ/ | gezinmek |
| gamma isim | /ˈɡæ.mə/ | gama |
| altar isim | /ˈɔl.tɚ/ | sunak, mihrap |
| obesity isim | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | obezite |
| spine isim | /spaɪn/ | omurga |
| cocaine isim | /koʊˈkeɪn/ | kokain |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| look up fiil | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | yukarı bakmak |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has led · has created · have shown |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is now nearsighted · be rewarded · is known |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | phone, which is · light which has · people who read |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: myopia /maɪˈoʊ.pi.ə/, circadian /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/, melatonin /ˌmɛləˈtəʊnɪn/, nearsightedness /nɪəɹˈsaɪ.tɪd.nəs/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: wakeful /ˈweɪk.fʊl/, wander /ˈwɑndɚ/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, prevalence /ˈpɹɛvələns/, transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/, spine /spaɪn/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: gadget /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/, transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/, gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; smartphone, dopamine, novelty gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.