Shadowing Practice: How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Do you ever get into an argument where you know you're right
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and yet even with your eloquent explanations and all of the facts on your side, you just can't get through?
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Is there a strategic way to successfully convince somebody and change their opinion?
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The first and most disappointing thing that you have to come to terms with is this.
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Facts don't convince people, especially if they already have an opinion.
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We all like to think that information or indisputable studies would convince us in an argument,
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but study after study shows that when certain facts don't conform to our beliefs, our brains are happy to disregard or simply rationalize them away.
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In one study, scientists asked people if they believed in man -made climate change
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and then categorized them as either believers or deniers.
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They then told some that scientists had re -evaluated the data
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and concluded that predictions for the future were much worse than before, while some others were told the situation wasn't nearly as bad as once thought.
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But these facts had an interesting result on their beliefs.
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People who didn't believe in climate change and were told
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that things were going to be much worse completely ignored this fact and their opinions were unchanged.
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But if they were told that things weren't nearly as bad, their beliefs moved much farther in that direction.
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And the same thing happened to those who believed strongly in climate change.
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When told that things are now predicted to be worse, they shifted their opinions more strongly in that direction,
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whereas those told it wouldn't be so bad didn't change their opinions at all.
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The facts only caused people to polarize.
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It turns out that once formed, people's impressions and opinions are extremely perseverant,
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and cognitive scientists say much of this is actually linked to our ability as humans to cooperate,
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a skill that no other animal has to the degree that humans do.
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From hunting and gathering to agriculture and modern computers, our cooperation allows us to rely on one another's expertise instead of knowing everything.
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As a result, we can hardly tell where our own understanding ends and another begins.
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Ultimately, strong beliefs don't actually come from deep understanding.
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This is known as the illusion of explanatory depth.
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If I asked you to rate your understanding of something like a toilet,
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zippers, or computers, chances are you believe you know way more than you actually do.
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Go on and try to explain, step by step, how a toilet or a zipper functions in detail.
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Sometimes this simple act can expose how baseless ours or another's opinion is.
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In one study when participants were asked to rate their opinions of public policies like healthcare, and then later asked to explain,
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in as much detail as possible, the impact of implementing those policies, they would quickly turn down the intensity of their beliefs,
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having been exposed to their own ignorance.
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How else can we overcome these tendencies and convince people in an argument?
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It turns out that we need to focus on the common motive, as put by Tylee Sherat, a cognitive neuroscientist.
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That is, focus on the motives and things you can agree on.
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One study looking at parents afraid to vaccinate their children because of the fear of autism, found that if they simply told them the facts,
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that the science shows there's no link between the two, they wouldn't listen.
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But when they focused on the common goal of protecting the children, and explained what vaccines are meant to prevent things like measles,
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mumps, polio, tetanus, and how those diseases impact children who get them, without even mentioning autism, they were more likely to have their kids vaccinated after.
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Finally, humans are known to have something called an in -group and out -group bias.
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We tend to be skeptical of outsiders, or people who we see as different from us.
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This can come in the form of race, religion, physical traits, gender, but also in the form of ideas.
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So people who don't share your ideas are part of your out -group.
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Studies have been done to show that
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if you can find a way to relate to people and have them see you in a different light,
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to see you as part of their in -group, they're much more likely to listen to you than if they think you are nothing like them.
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Find a group that you're both part of and use that as a point of personal connection.
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Now, if you've ever wanted to challenge your own opinions or become more aware of those opinions contrary to your own,
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then you should definitely check out
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Bubble, a really awesome new company that I love, which uses machine learning to send you stuff you'll like,
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but with a twist of also sending stuff that will nudge you outside of your filter bubble.
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It's a cool tool that first analyzes you and your interests through questions,
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pictures, and videos, and then helps you flex your mental muscles with some stuff that wouldn't normally be in your feed.
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It's a really nice way to expose yourself to a broader view of the world online, And it's completely free.
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You can check out the chatbot on Facebook by clicking the link below
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and then clicking the get started button to launch the chatbot.
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Help mind your feed and feed your mind.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: opinion, study, beliefs, scientist, convince. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 6 cümle ve 913 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 4:37 sürüyor. Konuşmacı hızlı konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 198 kelime; bu yüzden birbirine bağlanan ve zayıflayan sesler duyacaksınız. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| convince fiil | /kənˈvɪns/ | ikna etmek |
| scientist isim | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | âlim, âlime |
| expose fiil | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | açığa çıkarmak |
| vaccine isim | /vækˈsin/ | aşı |
| autism isim | /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ | otizm, iç yöneliklik |
| ignore fiil | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | görmezden gelmek |
| explanation isim | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | açıklama |
| muscle isim | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | kas, adale |
| strategic sıfat | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | stratejik, sevkülceyşî |
| skill isim | /skɪl/ | beceri, maharet |
| agriculture isim | /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ | tarım, ekincilik |
| impression isim | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | intiba, tesir |
| cooperation isim | /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | ortak çalışma, işbirliği |
| filter isim | /ˈfɪltɚ/ | filtre |
| overcome fiil | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | yenmek, atlatmak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| check out fiil | gözden geçirmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | were told · were unchanged · are now predicted |
| İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi | People who didn · those who believed · children who get |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have been done · you've ever wanted |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, wouldn't, you're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 19 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, rationalize /ˈɹæʃənəlaɪz/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: twist /twɪst/, eloquent /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: strongly /ˈstɹɔŋli/, strategic /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/, skill /skɪl/, twist /twɪst/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: vaccine /vækˈsin/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; convince, scientist, expose gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.