쉐도잉 연습: How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Do you ever get into an argument where you know you're right

and yet even with your eloquent explanations and all of the facts on your side, you just can't get through?

Is there a strategic way to successfully convince somebody and change their opinion?

The first and most disappointing thing that you have to come to terms with is this.

Facts don't convince people, especially if they already have an opinion.

We all like to think that information or indisputable studies would convince us in an argument,

but study after study shows that when certain facts don't conform to our beliefs, our brains are happy to disregard or simply rationalize them away.

In one study, scientists asked people if they believed in man -made climate change

and then categorized them as either believers or deniers.

They then told some that scientists had re -evaluated the data

and concluded that predictions for the future were much worse than before, while some others were told the situation wasn't nearly as bad as once thought.

But these facts had an interesting result on their beliefs.

People who didn't believe in climate change and were told

that things were going to be much worse completely ignored this fact and their opinions were unchanged.

But if they were told that things weren't nearly as bad, their beliefs moved much farther in that direction.

And the same thing happened to those who believed strongly in climate change.

When told that things are now predicted to be worse, they shifted their opinions more strongly in that direction,

whereas those told it wouldn't be so bad didn't change their opinions at all.

The facts only caused people to polarize.

It turns out that once formed, people's impressions and opinions are extremely perseverant,

and cognitive scientists say much of this is actually linked to our ability as humans to cooperate,

a skill that no other animal has to the degree that humans do.

From hunting and gathering to agriculture and modern computers, our cooperation allows us to rely on one another's expertise instead of knowing everything.

As a result, we can hardly tell where our own understanding ends and another begins.

Ultimately, strong beliefs don't actually come from deep understanding.

This is known as the illusion of explanatory depth.

If I asked you to rate your understanding of something like a toilet,

zippers, or computers, chances are you believe you know way more than you actually do.

Go on and try to explain, step by step, how a toilet or a zipper functions in detail.

Sometimes this simple act can expose how baseless ours or another's opinion is.

In one study when participants were asked to rate their opinions of public policies like healthcare, and then later asked to explain,

in as much detail as possible, the impact of implementing those policies, they would quickly turn down the intensity of their beliefs,

having been exposed to their own ignorance.

How else can we overcome these tendencies and convince people in an argument?

It turns out that we need to focus on the common motive, as put by Tylee Sherat, a cognitive neuroscientist.

That is, focus on the motives and things you can agree on.

One study looking at parents afraid to vaccinate their children because of the fear of autism, found that if they simply told them the facts,

that the science shows there's no link between the two, they wouldn't listen.

But when they focused on the common goal of protecting the children, and explained what vaccines are meant to prevent things like measles,

mumps, polio, tetanus, and how those diseases impact children who get them, without even mentioning autism, they were more likely to have their kids vaccinated after.

Finally, humans are known to have something called an in -group and out -group bias.

We tend to be skeptical of outsiders, or people who we see as different from us.

This can come in the form of race, religion, physical traits, gender, but also in the form of ideas.

So people who don't share your ideas are part of your out -group.

Studies have been done to show that

if you can find a way to relate to people and have them see you in a different light,

to see you as part of their in -group, they're much more likely to listen to you than if they think you are nothing like them.

Find a group that you're both part of and use that as a point of personal connection.

Now, if you've ever wanted to challenge your own opinions or become more aware of those opinions contrary to your own,

then you should definitely check out

Bubble, a really awesome new company that I love, which uses machine learning to send you stuff you'll like,

but with a twist of also sending stuff that will nudge you outside of your filter bubble.

It's a cool tool that first analyzes you and your interests through questions,

pictures, and videos, and then helps you flex your mental muscles with some stuff that wouldn't normally be in your feed.

It's a really nice way to expose yourself to a broader view of the world online, And it's completely free.

You can check out the chatbot on Facebook by clicking the link below

and then clicking the get started button to launch the chatbot.

Help mind your feed and feed your mind.

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: opinion, study, beliefs, scientist, convince. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 6개와 단어 913개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:37입니다. 화자는 분당 약 198단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
belief 명사	/bɪˈliːf/	믿음
convince 동사	/kənˈvɪns/	납득시키다, 확신시키다
scientist 명사	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	과학자
vaccine 명사	/vækˈsin/	백신, 두묘
autism 명사	/ˈɔːtɪzəm/	자폐증
motive 명사	/ˈmoʊtɪv/	동기
ignore 동사	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	무시하다
explanation 명사	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	설명
muscle 명사	/ˈmʌs.əl/	근육
skill 명사	/skɪl/	기술, 스킬
agriculture 명사	/ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/	농업, 농사
impression 명사	/ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/	인상
cooperation 명사	/koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/	협력, 협조
rely 동사	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	의지(依支)하다
filter 명사	/ˈfɪltɚ/	여과기, 필터

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	were told · were unchanged · are now predicted
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	People who didn · those who believed · children who get
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have been done · you've ever wanted

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, wouldn't, you're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 19번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, rationalize /ˈɹæʃənəlaɪz/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: belief /bɪˈliːf/, successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, filter /ˈfɪltɚ/, flex /flɛks/, conform /kənˈfɔɹm/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: convince /kənˈvɪns/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, vaccine /vækˈsin/, motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, autism /ˈɔːtɪzəm/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, belief, convince, scientist 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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