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Do you ever get into an argument where you know you're right
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and yet even with your eloquent explanations and all of the facts on your side, you just can't get through?
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Is there a strategic way to successfully convince somebody and change their opinion?
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The first and most disappointing thing that you have to come to terms with is this.
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Facts don't convince people, especially if they already have an opinion.
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We all like to think that information or indisputable studies would convince us in an argument,
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but study after study shows that when certain facts don't conform to our beliefs, our brains are happy to disregard or simply rationalize them away.
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In one study, scientists asked people if they believed in man -made climate change
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and then categorized them as either believers or deniers.
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They then told some that scientists had re -evaluated the data
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and concluded that predictions for the future were much worse than before, while some others were told the situation wasn't nearly as bad as once thought.
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But these facts had an interesting result on their beliefs.
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People who didn't believe in climate change and were told
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that things were going to be much worse completely ignored this fact and their opinions were unchanged.
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But if they were told that things weren't nearly as bad, their beliefs moved much farther in that direction.
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And the same thing happened to those who believed strongly in climate change.
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When told that things are now predicted to be worse, they shifted their opinions more strongly in that direction,
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whereas those told it wouldn't be so bad didn't change their opinions at all.
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The facts only caused people to polarize.
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It turns out that once formed, people's impressions and opinions are extremely perseverant,
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and cognitive scientists say much of this is actually linked to our ability as humans to cooperate,
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a skill that no other animal has to the degree that humans do.
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From hunting and gathering to agriculture and modern computers, our cooperation allows us to rely on one another's expertise instead of knowing everything.
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As a result, we can hardly tell where our own understanding ends and another begins.
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Ultimately, strong beliefs don't actually come from deep understanding.
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This is known as the illusion of explanatory depth.
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If I asked you to rate your understanding of something like a toilet,
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zippers, or computers, chances are you believe you know way more than you actually do.
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Go on and try to explain, step by step, how a toilet or a zipper functions in detail.
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Sometimes this simple act can expose how baseless ours or another's opinion is.
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In one study when participants were asked to rate their opinions of public policies like healthcare, and then later asked to explain,
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in as much detail as possible, the impact of implementing those policies, they would quickly turn down the intensity of their beliefs,
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having been exposed to their own ignorance.
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How else can we overcome these tendencies and convince people in an argument?
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It turns out that we need to focus on the common motive, as put by Tylee Sherat, a cognitive neuroscientist.
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That is, focus on the motives and things you can agree on.
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One study looking at parents afraid to vaccinate their children because of the fear of autism, found that if they simply told them the facts,
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that the science shows there's no link between the two, they wouldn't listen.
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But when they focused on the common goal of protecting the children, and explained what vaccines are meant to prevent things like measles,
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mumps, polio, tetanus, and how those diseases impact children who get them, without even mentioning autism, they were more likely to have their kids vaccinated after.
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Finally, humans are known to have something called an in -group and out -group bias.
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We tend to be skeptical of outsiders, or people who we see as different from us.
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This can come in the form of race, religion, physical traits, gender, but also in the form of ideas.
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So people who don't share your ideas are part of your out -group.
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Studies have been done to show that
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if you can find a way to relate to people and have them see you in a different light,
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to see you as part of their in -group, they're much more likely to listen to you than if they think you are nothing like them.
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Find a group that you're both part of and use that as a point of personal connection.
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Now, if you've ever wanted to challenge your own opinions or become more aware of those opinions contrary to your own,
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then you should definitely check out
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Bubble, a really awesome new company that I love, which uses machine learning to send you stuff you'll like,
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but with a twist of also sending stuff that will nudge you outside of your filter bubble.
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It's a cool tool that first analyzes you and your interests through questions,
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pictures, and videos, and then helps you flex your mental muscles with some stuff that wouldn't normally be in your feed.
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It's a really nice way to expose yourself to a broader view of the world online, And it's completely free.
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You can check out the chatbot on Facebook by clicking the link below
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and then clicking the get started button to launch the chatbot.
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Help mind your feed and feed your mind.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion?”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: opinion, study, beliefs, scientist, convince. Questo video contiene 6 frasi e 913 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 4:37. Chi parla va veloce, circa 198 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| belief sostantivo | /bɪˈliːf/ | credito, credenza |
| convince verbo | /kənˈvɪns/ | convincere |
| scientist sostantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scienziato, scienziata |
| expose verbo | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | esporre, evidenziare |
| strongly avverbio | /ˈstɹɔŋli/ | fortemente, fermamente |
| cognitive aggettivo | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | cognitivo |
| vaccine sostantivo | /vækˈsin/ | vaccino |
| autism sostantivo | /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ | autismo |
| motive sostantivo | /ˈmoʊtɪv/ | motivo, movente |
| ignore verbo | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | ignorare |
| successfully avverbio | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | con successo |
| explanation sostantivo | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | spiegazione, esplicazione |
| muscle sostantivo | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | muscolo |
| strategic aggettivo | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | strategico |
| skill sostantivo | /skɪl/ | abilità, capacità |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| check out verbo | investigare | |
| turn out verbo | risultare | |
| get through verbo | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | superare, farcela |
| turn down verbo | rifiutare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | were told · were unchanged · are now predicted |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | People who didn · those who believed · children who get |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have been done · you've ever wanted |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 19 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, wouldn't, you're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, rationalize /ˈɹæʃənəlaɪz/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: belief /bɪˈliːf/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, toilet /ˈtɔɪ.lət/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: vaccine /vækˈsin/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come belief, convince, scientist.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.