Практика Shadowing: How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Do you ever get into an argument where you know you're right

and yet even with your eloquent explanations and all of the facts on your side, you just can't get through?

Is there a strategic way to successfully convince somebody and change their opinion?

The first and most disappointing thing that you have to come to terms with is this.

Facts don't convince people, especially if they already have an opinion.

We all like to think that information or indisputable studies would convince us in an argument,

but study after study shows that when certain facts don't conform to our beliefs, our brains are happy to disregard or simply rationalize them away.

In one study, scientists asked people if they believed in man -made climate change

and then categorized them as either believers or deniers.

They then told some that scientists had re -evaluated the data

and concluded that predictions for the future were much worse than before, while some others were told the situation wasn't nearly as bad as once thought.

But these facts had an interesting result on their beliefs.

People who didn't believe in climate change and were told

that things were going to be much worse completely ignored this fact and their opinions were unchanged.

But if they were told that things weren't nearly as bad, their beliefs moved much farther in that direction.

And the same thing happened to those who believed strongly in climate change.

When told that things are now predicted to be worse, they shifted their opinions more strongly in that direction,

whereas those told it wouldn't be so bad didn't change their opinions at all.

The facts only caused people to polarize.

It turns out that once formed, people's impressions and opinions are extremely perseverant,

and cognitive scientists say much of this is actually linked to our ability as humans to cooperate,

a skill that no other animal has to the degree that humans do.

From hunting and gathering to agriculture and modern computers, our cooperation allows us to rely on one another's expertise instead of knowing everything.

As a result, we can hardly tell where our own understanding ends and another begins.

Ultimately, strong beliefs don't actually come from deep understanding.

This is known as the illusion of explanatory depth.

If I asked you to rate your understanding of something like a toilet,

zippers, or computers, chances are you believe you know way more than you actually do.

Go on and try to explain, step by step, how a toilet or a zipper functions in detail.

Sometimes this simple act can expose how baseless ours or another's opinion is.

In one study when participants were asked to rate their opinions of public policies like healthcare, and then later asked to explain,

in as much detail as possible, the impact of implementing those policies, they would quickly turn down the intensity of their beliefs,

having been exposed to their own ignorance.

How else can we overcome these tendencies and convince people in an argument?

It turns out that we need to focus on the common motive, as put by Tylee Sherat, a cognitive neuroscientist.

That is, focus on the motives and things you can agree on.

One study looking at parents afraid to vaccinate their children because of the fear of autism, found that if they simply told them the facts,

that the science shows there's no link between the two, they wouldn't listen.

But when they focused on the common goal of protecting the children, and explained what vaccines are meant to prevent things like measles,

mumps, polio, tetanus, and how those diseases impact children who get them, without even mentioning autism, they were more likely to have their kids vaccinated after.

Finally, humans are known to have something called an in -group and out -group bias.

We tend to be skeptical of outsiders, or people who we see as different from us.

This can come in the form of race, religion, physical traits, gender, but also in the form of ideas.

So people who don't share your ideas are part of your out -group.

Studies have been done to show that

if you can find a way to relate to people and have them see you in a different light,

to see you as part of their in -group, they're much more likely to listen to you than if they think you are nothing like them.

Find a group that you're both part of and use that as a point of personal connection.

Now, if you've ever wanted to challenge your own opinions or become more aware of those opinions contrary to your own,

then you should definitely check out

Bubble, a really awesome new company that I love, which uses machine learning to send you stuff you'll like,

but with a twist of also sending stuff that will nudge you outside of your filter bubble.

It's a cool tool that first analyzes you and your interests through questions,

pictures, and videos, and then helps you flex your mental muscles with some stuff that wouldn't normally be in your feed.

It's a really nice way to expose yourself to a broader view of the world online, And it's completely free.

You can check out the chatbot on Facebook by clicking the link below

and then clicking the get started button to launch the chatbot.

Help mind your feed and feed your mind.

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion?». Чаще всего повторяются слова: opinion, study, beliefs, scientist, convince. В этом видео 6 предложений и 913 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:37. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 198 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 85% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
belief существительное	/bɪˈliːf/	ве́ра, дове́рие
convince глагол	/kənˈvɪns/	убежда́ть, убеди́ть
scientist существительное	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	учёный, учёная
expose глагол	/ɪkˈspoʊz/	выставля́ть, раскрыва́ть
strongly наречие	/ˈstɹɔŋli/	си́льно
cognitive прилагательное	/ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/	когнити́вный, познава́тельный
vaccine существительное	/vækˈsin/	вакци́на, приви́вка
autism существительное	/ˈɔːtɪzəm/	аути́зм
motive существительное	/ˈmoʊtɪv/	моти́в, по́вод
ignore глагол	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	игнори́ровать, проигнори́ровать
successfully наречие	/səkˈsɛs.fə.li/	успе́шно
explanation существительное	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	объясне́ние, разъясне́ние
muscle существительное	/ˈmʌs.əl/	мы́шца, му́скул
strategic прилагательное	/stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/	стратеги́ческий
skill существительное	/skɪl/	уме́ние, на́вык

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
check out глагол	проверя́ть, прове́рить
turn out глагол	ока́зываться, оказа́ться
turn down глагол	отверга́ть, отве́ргнуть

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	were told · were unchanged · are now predicted
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	People who didn · those who believed · children who get
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have been done · you've ever wanted

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 19 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, wouldn't, you're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «sh» и «zh»: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, rationalize /ˈɹæʃənəlaɪz/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: twist /twɪst/, eloquent /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как belief, convince, scientist.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion? - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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