Практика Shadowing: The Truth About Nuclear Energy - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Thanks to Skillshare for sponsoring this episode.
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This was humanity's first introduction to nuclear power, the atomic bomb.
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And this is a nuclear power plant, which you may know from all the times that they've broken down in history and scared the crap out of people, hello, HBO's Chernobyl.
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But you've actually been lied to about nuclear energy.
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And in order to understand those lies, we first have to talk about where the energy comes from.
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In 1938, scientists discovered nuclear fission.
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They did this by slamming an atom of uranium with a neutron.
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It would divide into two and release a large amount of energy not only this
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But during the nuclear fission reaction up to three neutrons are ejected
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which can trigger further fission reactions of more atoms Meaning more energy is released.
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This is known as a chain reaction During World War two
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America would use the same technology to create the first atomic bomb
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But it wasn't until 1955
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that the same scientific principles were used to create the first nuclear power plant that generated electricity In the 1970s,
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psychologists started to map people's anxieties about nuclear destruction and the past Cold War onto nuclear power plants, which were now cropping up around the world.
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Then came the 1979 thriller The China Syndrome, a movie about a fictional nuclear reactor meltdown, which was released on March 6th,
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1979, and just 22 days later, a real partial nuclear reactor meltdown happened at Three Mile Island.
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Talk about free advertisement for your movie.
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The coincidence of a Hollywood film and this cultural nuclear reactor breakdown coming together really shot into the mainstream, this negative connotation with nuclear energy.
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From the release of this movie to 1988, 67 planned nuclear power plants were cancelled. In 1986,
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Chernobyl happened, which was caused by human error as the temperature of the reactor core became too high
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and an explosion created a nuclear cloud across Europe.
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I scream cried while watching Chernobyl.
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I remember thinking to myself, okay is nuclear energy a truly invisible horror?
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Right after that in 1989 we got the Simpsons where we see people diving into nuclear waste
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and our favorite idiot Homer who we all picture as a safety inspector at a nuclear reactor.
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As recent as 2011 we have the Fukushima nuclear disaster
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and all of this combined made it really hard to not be afraid of nuclear energy.
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But when you look more into it, you find that no one died at Three Mile Island, and most epidemiological studies found that it had no detectable health consequences.
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After 30 years, only 51 people died from the incident at Chernobyl, and scientific studies found few health risks connected to radiation exposure after Fukushima.
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Take this recent In a Nutshell video linked in the description.
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It shows how using coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass has killed 100 million people in the past 50 years.
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This was due to pollution created by the byproducts of burning fossil fuels.
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The World Health Organization explains that it's safer to work in a nuclear power plant than in a big city office, as the urban air pollution of ozone,
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sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide causes 7 million deaths annually.
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Only 0 .005 % of the average American's yearly radiation dose comes from nuclear power.
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This is 200 times less than a cross -country flight.
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A hundred times less than what we get from coal, and about the same as eating one banana per year.
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Wait, so if I'm scared of nuclear energy, I also have to be scared of a banana?
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But like, peanut butter and bananas on toast is my culture.
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Also, being gay, I hate holding bananas like this because it just reminds me of getting bullied.
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There's also this study showing
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that a CT scan of the abdomen involves about 10 times the radiation exposure
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that the average nuclear worker gets in a year.
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Or that living in a big polluted city increases your mortality risk by 2 .8 times that of a Chernobyl cleanup worker.
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So what is happening?
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Is nuclear energy dangerous or safe?
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But just before we get to that, we wanna thank today's sponsor, Skillshare.
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The first 1 ,000 people to use the link in our description get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership, so go check it out because it goes fast.
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Skillshare's actually how I improved my own animation skills to animate this channel with Greg's drawings.
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I also taught myself Photoshop using Skillshare and it's just an amazing way to continue to learn and grow your brain.
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Skillshare is an online learning community with thousands of classes for curious and creative people.
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You can explore new skills or deepen current passions like this course
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that I took for beginner birders where it actually taught me to correctly identify morning dubs.
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It was so exciting.
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It turns out that their wings make a specific type of noise.
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I'm obsessed with birding
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or this class about electricity generation where you can take a deep dive into solar wind
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and nuclear energy and actually understand the physics
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and mechanics of generating this electricity this was integral for me making this video it's curated specifically for learning meaning
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that there are no ads
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and they're always launching new premium classes at the cost of ten dollars a month with with an annual subscription, which is amazing so you can help our show by clicking the link in the description
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and the first thousand people will get a free trial of
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premium membership this genuinely is how you guys can support us
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here at asap science now let's get back to the core
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of this video about the nuclear reactors core these reactors use low enriched uranium
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and controlled chain reactions to heat pressurized water
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which in turn heats other water in a secondary circuit
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that causes steam to rotate a turbine which is linked to a generator
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that creates electricity cool water from a river
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or ocean can be pumped in to cool the water in the secondary circuit
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or sometimes cooling towers are built like these iconic bad boys
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that we all know and love from the simpsons current research has found
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that american opinions haven't changed much on nuclear energy since the cold war
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which is weird
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because it feels like culture has shifted kids no longer learn
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to hide under their desks in preparation for nuclear war now
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they learn to hide under their desks for preparation of a mass shooter.
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In fact, 54 % of Americans still oppose nuclear energy today.
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So let's talk nuclear power plant safety.
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A Harvard study found that newer generations of nuclear reactors, particularly what is called pebble bed reactors,
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are designed so that the nuclear chain reaction cannot run away and cause a meltdown, even in the event of a complete failure of the reactor's machinery.
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And that, with the advent of modern reactors such as the pebble bed reactor and careful selection of plant sites, nuclear accidents like the one in Fukushima are actually not possible.
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But some people think that emphasizing safety actually just emphasizes fear.
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Airlines don't advertise how safe they are
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because then you would just be thinking about crashing the whole time you're on the plane
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and the fact that you need to look next to the stranger beside you and be like, I love you, I'm sorry,
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goodbye, while you're screaming and the plane's shaking and you have to cover your head and apparently your legs break on impact.
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So maybe nuclear energy should use the airline's approach
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and stop explaining why they're safe and start unapologetically explaining how great they are.
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Nuclear reactors such as Diablo Canyon, which will be closed in 2024 due to cost upkeep, accounts for roughly 9 % of California's energy,
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but occupies fewer than 600 acres.
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Honestly, that's wowzers to think of that much energy coming out of that little Diablo Canyon.
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There are currently 56 nuclear power plants operating in the US
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that provide the country with roughly 20 % of the electrical supply.
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That's more than half of the US's low carbon electricity.
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The NASA Goddard Institute predicts that nuclear power has prevented 1 .84 million deaths
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that would have occurred if the energy was produced by fossil fuels.
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This is 370 times more lives saved than have been lost to any nuclear power plant issues in the last 40 years.
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At this point I feel very lied to, but what about the nuclear waste?
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97 % of the waste created by nuclear plants is classified as low or intermediate level waste.
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All the nuclear waste in the US is often compared to the size of a football field piled 50 feet high.
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The World Nuclear Association describes that the waste is encapsulated in highly engineered casks in stable, vitrified form and is emplaced at depths well below the biosphere.
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Such long -term geological storage solutions are designed to prevent any movement of radioactivity for thousands of years.
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So even in the event of an earthquake or natural disaster, these repositories will keep the waste from reaching the surface and releasing radiation.
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In addition, 96 % of this waste can be recycled to make new fuel and byproducts.
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So the nuclear power industry puts their waste in monitored concrete casks deep into the ground, but the coal,
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oil, and natural gas industries release their waste into the atmosphere where it causes pollution
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and kills thousands of people a year and like all the birds.
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And these greenhouse gases contribute to the sixth largest mass extinction
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that we are currently in and to the climate crisis
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that we are currently in
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so is it safe well nuclear energy is definitely safer than the fossil fuels
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that we are addicted to right now the fear of nuclear
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energy is getting in the way of us having an honest
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discussion of how it can work with renewable energy to get
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us to a zero carbon future as stated the US gets
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20 % of its electricity from nuclear power plants France gets
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70 % from nuclear impressive research at MIT analyzed 1 ,000 scenarios of getting to our zero carbon future
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and all the cheapest paths involved nuclear helping renewable energy get to where it needs to be.
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Focusing in on America, there is a scenario where you can get to a zero carbon future with just renewables
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and leaving the existing nuclear power plants on.
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But this is specific to America because America is rich in renewable energy opportunities.
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It's got the windy Texas, the super sunny California, many other parts of world do not have the ability to
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rely on renewable energy in this way it's for this reason
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that the uk has put nuclear front
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and center for how it's going to get to zero carbon emissions
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because they can't really rely on solar
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and wind in the same way china is also currently building
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nuclear reactors due to their increasing consumption of energy now up
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to this point we've ignored a really important part of this conversation, the economics.
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Explained really well in this real engineering video, linked in the description, nuclear power plants are extremely expensive to create.
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Since 1996, only one nuclear power plant has been made in the US, and likely due to the cost, not fear.
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Take the crappy scenario in South Carolina where a $9 billion nuclear plant wasn't finished,
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and now the people of South Carolina are paying for it even though it's releasing no energy.
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But innovation in the nuclear power space could make reactors that are smaller and much more cost effective.
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We all know that we need to scale up renewable energy
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and there have been amazing strides made across the earth
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but we can't allow our irrational fear of nuclear energy to stop its ability to innovate.
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A great start would be to look at a climate platform drafted by John Kerry
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and AOC which included a plan to create cost effective pathways for developing innovative reactors.
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The biggest lie about nuclear energy is the way it's been
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depicted towards us in culture whether it's from the Simpsons which honestly made me honestly scared about nuclear energy.
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That lie is real.
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I feel like I have was
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so scared about nuclear energy until I started to do all this research about the climate crisis
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and realize that we probably need it.
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I think the biggest takeaway from this is that we need to stop the infighting.
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We're all against the fossil fuel industry and we want to save this planet
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and we want to get to net zero carbon emission as a society
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and it's a great option for us to come together.
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Whenever we talk about nuclear energy on our channel, the comments are heated.
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It's like a cold war, okay?
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People who are pro -nuclear are like, if we don't use nuclear, we're going to become tree hugging lefties and like marry a solar panel.
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And people who are anti nuclear energy are like, if we use it, we're all going to die.
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And I'm just like, okay, we need to stop this infighting
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because we need to be talking about the dangerous fossil fuels that we know and are currently killing all of us.
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So where do we go from here?
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We want your help with this.
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This is not a simple answer.
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So please in the comments, let us know what you think.
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Have you been scared of nuclear energy?
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Is nuclear energy something that you believe in something
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that you're against we will be there and we will be responding to you
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and maybe we'll be talking about the new nuclear fusion reactor as well
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which is so cool so check out the links in the description
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and we'll see you there thank you so much for watching
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and we will see you next week for a new science video or maybe a climate change video
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 168 предложений и 2295 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 12:09. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 189 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 83% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| reactor существительное | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | реактор |
| fossil существительное | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | ископа́емое, окамене́лость |
| renewable прилагательное | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | возобновля́емый |
| radiation существительное | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | излуче́ние |
| banana существительное | /bəˈnænə/ | бана́н, бана́новое де́рево |
| premium существительное | /ˈpɹiː.miː.əm/ | приз, вознагражде́ние |
| pollution существительное | /pəˈluʃən/ | загрязне́ние |
| scenario существительное | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | сцена́рий |
| meltdown существительное | /ˈmɛltˌdaʊn/ | мелтда́ун, расплавле́ние |
| circuit существительное | /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ | кругооборо́т, цикл |
| membership существительное | чле́нство, принадле́жность | |
| exposure существительное | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | подверга́ние |
| desk существительное | /dɛsk/ | пи́сьменный стол, стол |
| worker существительное | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | рабо́тник, рабо́тница |
| disaster существительное | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | бе́дствие, катастро́фа |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| check out глагол | проверя́ть, прове́рить |
| run away глагол | сматываться, убега́ть |
| turn out глагол | ока́зываться, оказа́ться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | they've broken · you've actually been · has killed |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are ejected · is released · is known |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | plants, which were · meltdown, which was · happened, which was |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 25 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, we're, you're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: sixth /sɪksθ/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, thriller /ˈθɹɪ.lə/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как reactor, fossil, renewable.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.