Shadowing-Übung: How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion? - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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Do you ever get into an argument where you know you're right
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and yet even with your eloquent explanations and all of the facts on your side, you just can't get through?
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Is there a strategic way to successfully convince somebody and change their opinion?
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The first and most disappointing thing that you have to come to terms with is this.
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Facts don't convince people, especially if they already have an opinion.
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We all like to think that information or indisputable studies would convince us in an argument,
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but study after study shows that when certain facts don't conform to our beliefs, our brains are happy to disregard or simply rationalize them away.
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In one study, scientists asked people if they believed in man -made climate change
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and then categorized them as either believers or deniers.
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They then told some that scientists had re -evaluated the data
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and concluded that predictions for the future were much worse than before, while some others were told the situation wasn't nearly as bad as once thought.
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But these facts had an interesting result on their beliefs.
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People who didn't believe in climate change and were told
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that things were going to be much worse completely ignored this fact and their opinions were unchanged.
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But if they were told that things weren't nearly as bad, their beliefs moved much farther in that direction.
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And the same thing happened to those who believed strongly in climate change.
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When told that things are now predicted to be worse, they shifted their opinions more strongly in that direction,
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whereas those told it wouldn't be so bad didn't change their opinions at all.
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The facts only caused people to polarize.
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It turns out that once formed, people's impressions and opinions are extremely perseverant,
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and cognitive scientists say much of this is actually linked to our ability as humans to cooperate,
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a skill that no other animal has to the degree that humans do.
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From hunting and gathering to agriculture and modern computers, our cooperation allows us to rely on one another's expertise instead of knowing everything.
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As a result, we can hardly tell where our own understanding ends and another begins.
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Ultimately, strong beliefs don't actually come from deep understanding.
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This is known as the illusion of explanatory depth.
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If I asked you to rate your understanding of something like a toilet,
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zippers, or computers, chances are you believe you know way more than you actually do.
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Go on and try to explain, step by step, how a toilet or a zipper functions in detail.
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Sometimes this simple act can expose how baseless ours or another's opinion is.
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In one study when participants were asked to rate their opinions of public policies like healthcare, and then later asked to explain,
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in as much detail as possible, the impact of implementing those policies, they would quickly turn down the intensity of their beliefs,
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having been exposed to their own ignorance.
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How else can we overcome these tendencies and convince people in an argument?
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It turns out that we need to focus on the common motive, as put by Tylee Sherat, a cognitive neuroscientist.
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That is, focus on the motives and things you can agree on.
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One study looking at parents afraid to vaccinate their children because of the fear of autism, found that if they simply told them the facts,
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that the science shows there's no link between the two, they wouldn't listen.
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But when they focused on the common goal of protecting the children, and explained what vaccines are meant to prevent things like measles,
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mumps, polio, tetanus, and how those diseases impact children who get them, without even mentioning autism, they were more likely to have their kids vaccinated after.
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Finally, humans are known to have something called an in -group and out -group bias.
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We tend to be skeptical of outsiders, or people who we see as different from us.
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This can come in the form of race, religion, physical traits, gender, but also in the form of ideas.
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So people who don't share your ideas are part of your out -group.
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Studies have been done to show that
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if you can find a way to relate to people and have them see you in a different light,
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to see you as part of their in -group, they're much more likely to listen to you than if they think you are nothing like them.
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Find a group that you're both part of and use that as a point of personal connection.
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Now, if you've ever wanted to challenge your own opinions or become more aware of those opinions contrary to your own,
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then you should definitely check out
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Bubble, a really awesome new company that I love, which uses machine learning to send you stuff you'll like,
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but with a twist of also sending stuff that will nudge you outside of your filter bubble.
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It's a cool tool that first analyzes you and your interests through questions,
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pictures, and videos, and then helps you flex your mental muscles with some stuff that wouldn't normally be in your feed.
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It's a really nice way to expose yourself to a broader view of the world online, And it's completely free.
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You can check out the chatbot on Facebook by clicking the link below
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and then clicking the get started button to launch the chatbot.
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Help mind your feed and feed your mind.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion?“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: opinion, study, beliefs, scientist, convince. Dieses Video enthält 6 Sätze und 913 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 4:37. Der Sprecher spricht schnell, etwa 198 Wörter pro Minute – rechne mit verbundenen und verkürzten Lauten. 85 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen; den Rest solltest du dir vor dem Üben ansehen.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| belief Substantiv | /bɪˈliːf/ | Glauben |
| convince Verb | /kənˈvɪns/ | überzeugen |
| scientist Substantiv | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | Wissenschaftler, Wissenschaftlerin |
| expose Verb | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | aufdecken, offenbaren |
| strongly Adverb | /ˈstɹɔŋli/ | stark |
| cognitive Adjektiv | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | kognitiv |
| vaccine Substantiv | /vækˈsin/ | Vakzin, Vakzine |
| autism Substantiv | /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ | Autismus |
| motive Substantiv | /ˈmoʊtɪv/ | Motiv, Beweggrund |
| ignore Verb | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | ignorieren, missachten |
| successfully Adverb | /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/ | erfolgreich |
| explanation Substantiv | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | Erläuterung, Erklärung |
| muscle Substantiv | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | Muskel |
| strategic Adjektiv | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | strategisch |
| skill Substantiv | /skɪl/ | Fähigkeit, Fertigkeit |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| check out Verb | überprüfen |
| turn out Verb | sich herausstellen als/dass, sich erweisen als |
| turn down Verb | ablehnen, absagen |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | were told · were unchanged · are now predicted |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | People who didn · those who believed · children who get |
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | have been done · you've ever wanted |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 19 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel don't, wouldn't, you're. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, rationalize /ˈɹæʃənəlaɪz/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: successfully /səkˈsɛs.fə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): twist /twɪst/, eloquent /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/, expertise /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: vaccine /vækˈsin/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, categorize /ˈkætɪɡəˌɹaɪz/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie belief, convince, scientist.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.