Pratica di Shadowing: The Best Way To Stop Overeating - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
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Indulging in food is a favorite pastime for many.
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But considering that ⅔ of Americans, or approximately 207337021 are overweight?
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Perhaps we enjoy food a bit too much.
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So, why can't we stop ourselves from consuming so much fatty and sugary food?
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How do we beat overeating?
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When your stomach is empty it releases a hormone called ghrelin.
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Ghrelin interacts in the brain with the neurotransmitter NPY and turns on the desire to eat.
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Once you satisfy this desire by eating, ghrelin levels drop back down and hunger subsides.
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Conversely, after eating, a different hormone, leptin, is released from the stomach and fat cells, and interferes with NPY, further turning off the desire to eat, and making you feel full.
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But if this hunger regulation system is in place, why can't we say no to that piece of cake, or second helping of chips?
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Many food psychologists believe that in the past, energy-rich foods such as those with lots of fat and sugar, were hard to come by.
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As hunter-gatherers, the human body needed to take advantage of these meals for survival, and as a result, they became extremely desirable.
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But in today's world, we can get a high fat and sugary meal on any corner at any hour.
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The problem is, the instinct and desire still remains, and so we struggle to stop eating these meals.
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Recently, it's been discovered that the continual intake of fat and sugar overrides the regulatory system of ghrelin and leptin.
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The signalling pathway is insufficient to control our new diet, and so our initial evolutionary desire now plagues our ability to choose wisely and eat healthy.
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It's a self-perpetuating problem.
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The more unhealthy food you eat, the more you desire food.
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Got a burning question you want answered?
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Ask it in the comments, or on Facebook and Twitter.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos!
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “The Best Way To Stop Overeating”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: desire, ghrelin, fat, eat, meal. Questo video contiene 21 frasi e 313 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 1:43. Chi parla va veloce, circa 182 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Solo il 80% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo. 5 delle sue 21 frasi sono domande: un buon esercizio per l’intonazione interrogativa e le risposte brevi.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| ghrelin sostantivo | /ˈɡɹɛlɪn/ | grelina |
| leptin sostantivo | /ˈlɛptɪn/ | leptina |
| hormone sostantivo | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | ormone |
| hunger sostantivo | /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ | fame |
| gatherer sostantivo | coglitore | |
| overeat verbo | /ˌoʊvɚˈit/ | mangiare troppo |
| override verbo | /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/ | oltrepassare |
| pastime sostantivo | /ˈpæs.taɪm/ | passatempo |
| perpetuate verbo | /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ | perpetuàre, eternàre |
| subside verbo | /sʌbˈsaɪd/ | sprofondare, abbassare |
| conversely avverbio | /kənˈvɝsli/ | per converso, al contrario |
| wisely avverbio | /ˈwaɪzli/ | saggiamente, coscienziosamente |
| unhealthy aggettivo | /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/ | malsano, insalubre |
| overweight aggettivo | /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ | in sovrappeso, sovrappeso |
| pathway sostantivo | /ˈpæθˌweɪ/ | via |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| turn off verbo | spegnere |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- I suoni “th”: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: perpetuate /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hunger /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: overeat /ˌoʊvɚˈit/, override /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/, perpetuate /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/, subside /sʌbˈsaɪd/, indulge /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒ/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: pastime /ˈpæs.taɪm/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come ghrelin, leptin, hormone.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.