シャドーイング練習: The Best Way To Stop Overeating - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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21 文
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Indulging in food is a favorite pastime for many.
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But considering that ⅔ of Americans, or approximately 207337021 are overweight?
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Perhaps we enjoy food a bit too much.
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So, why can't we stop ourselves from consuming so much fatty and sugary food?
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How do we beat overeating?
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When your stomach is empty it releases a hormone called ghrelin.
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Ghrelin interacts in the brain with the neurotransmitter NPY and turns on the desire to eat.
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Once you satisfy this desire by eating, ghrelin levels drop back down and hunger subsides.
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Conversely, after eating, a different hormone, leptin, is released from the stomach and fat cells, and interferes with NPY, further turning off the desire to eat, and making you feel full.
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But if this hunger regulation system is in place, why can't we say no to that piece of cake, or second helping of chips?
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Many food psychologists believe that in the past, energy-rich foods such as those with lots of fat and sugar, were hard to come by.
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As hunter-gatherers, the human body needed to take advantage of these meals for survival, and as a result, they became extremely desirable.
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But in today's world, we can get a high fat and sugary meal on any corner at any hour.
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The problem is, the instinct and desire still remains, and so we struggle to stop eating these meals.
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Recently, it's been discovered that the continual intake of fat and sugar overrides the regulatory system of ghrelin and leptin.
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The signalling pathway is insufficient to control our new diet, and so our initial evolutionary desire now plagues our ability to choose wisely and eat healthy.
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It's a self-perpetuating problem.
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The more unhealthy food you eat, the more you desire food.
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Got a burning question you want answered?
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Ask it in the comments, or on Facebook and Twitter.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos!

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Best Way To Stop Overeating」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：desire, ghrelin, fat, eat, meal。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が21文、単語が313語あります。 音声の長さは1:43です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約182語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。 全21文のうち5文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語発音意味
ghrelin 名詞/ˈɡɹɛlɪn/グレリン
hormone 名詞/ˈhoɹmoʊn/ホルモン
hunger 名詞/ˈhʌŋɡɚ/飢え, 空腹
neurotransmitter 名詞神経伝達物質
overeat 動詞/ˌoʊvɚˈit/過食する, 暴食する
override 動詞/oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/酷使する
pastime 名詞/ˈpæs.taɪm/娯楽
indulge 動詞/ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒ/甘やかす
overweight 形容詞/ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/メタボな
psychologist 名詞/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/心理学者
desirable 形容詞/dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/望ましい
instinct 名詞/ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/本能
interfere 動詞/ˌɪn.tɚˈfɪɚ/妨げる, 干渉する
consume 動詞/kənˈsum/消費する, 消耗する
plague 名詞/plɛɡ/ペスト, 黒死病

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語意味
turn off 動詞消す, 切る

注意したい発音

  • 「th」の音: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: perpetuate /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

  • /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: ghrelin /ˈɡɹɛlɪn/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/
  • /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: overeat /ˌoʊvɚˈit/, override /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
  • /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, interfere /ˌɪn.tɚˈfɪɚ/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。ghrelin, hormone, hungerなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →