シャドーイング練習: Does Being Cold Make You Sick? - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Winter is coming - and we've all been told to put on a jacket outside, or you'll catch a cold! Of course, the common response of today has become 'Don't be silly, being cold can't give you a cold'. Or can it? Who wins in this battle of the beliefs?
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Winter is coming - and we've all been told to put on a jacket outside, or you'll catch a cold! Of course, the common response of today has become 'Don't be silly, being cold can't give you a cold'. Or can it? Who wins in this battle of the beliefs?
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The correlation between cold weather and sickness does stand out. Between 5-20% of Americans catch a cold or flu every year around late fall and winter. Not to mention, it's called a cold. But there are some important things to consider. First and foremost: colds and the flu are caused by viruses. if there aren't any around, you won't catch a cold - no matter how cold you get. It's as simple as that.
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So why the correlation with decreasing temperatures? Well for one, people tend to stay indoors much more often during the winter, which in turn, puts them in contact with more people.
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More people, means more exposure opportunities for the pathogens to spread. On top of this, humidity plays a role in the spread of some viruses. As the humidity decreases in the winter, not only does the virus spread more readily, but the mucus in your nose dries out. Mucus would otherwise act as a protective barrier to pathogens. Finnaly, the lack of Vitamin D which we get from the sun, can affect our immune system adversely.
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Both being inside more often, and the fact that winter has shorter days makes this a big factor for your health.
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So you've proven your parents wrong... right? Not so fast!
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While some past studies have shown no correlation to temperature, recent evidence suggest otherwise.
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One study which put test subjects feet into ice water found that they were, indeed, more likely to develop common cold symptoms in the following days, than those who didn't.
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The developing hypothesis behind these results is that the cold temperatures cause blood vessel constriction, which slows the white blood cells from reaching the virus, ultimately inhibiting the immune response. Cortisol levels, which pressures the immune system, are also increased with temperature induced stress. Furthermore, studies on both mice and human airway cells found that immune reaction to the common cold virus, in fact, temperature dependent. Warm infected cells are more likely to undergo programmed cell death, to limit the spread of infection.
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Finally, studies of the virus itself have revealed a secret weapon of sorts. In winter temperature, the virus's outer layer or envelope becomes much harder and acts like a shield.
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This allows it to spread from person to person much more easily. But at warm temperatures, this layer is more of a gel, which is not quite tough enough to protect the virus against the elements. As a result, its spreading ability is compromised.
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So, maybe your parents weren't so wrong after all. A happy compromise of going outside more often, bundled up, is likely to get you through the winter unscathed.
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Links in the description.
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冬の風邪と防寒対策の真実
冬が近づくと、「外ではジャケットを着ないと風邪をひくよ」と親に言われる場面は誰でも経験したことがあるでしょう。しかし、現代では「寒いからといって風邪をひくわけではない」という考えも一般的です。では、どちらが正しいのでしょうか？このビデオでは、寒さと風邪の関係について科学的な解説がされており、親のアドバイスが意外と正しかったことがわかります。
役立つフレーズとコロケーション
- catch a cold：風邪をひく。「I caught a cold last week.」（先週風邪をひいた）のように使います。
- immune system：免疫システム。「A healthy diet strengthens the immune system.」（健康的な食事は免疫システムを強化する）
- programmed cell death：プログラム細胞死。ビデオではウイルスの拡散を抑えるための細胞の自殺行動と説明されています。
- bundle up：厚着する。「It's freezing outside, so bundle up!」（外は非常に寒いので、厚着してね）
- spread of infection：感染の拡大。「Washing hands helps prevent the spread of infection.」（手を洗うと感染の拡大を防ぐのに役立つ）
英語シャドーイングのチャレンジ
英語シャドーイング（shadow speak）は、スピーキング力向上に効果的な方法です。このビデオの中で「So, maybe your parents weren't so wrong after all.」という文があります。この文を使って、以下のタスクを行ってみましょう。
- ビデオを再生し、この文の発音とイントネーションを注意深く聞きます。
- 1秒遅れで自分の声で繰り返します。リズムとアクセントを合わせることが重要です。
- 5回繰り返した後、自分で文を言ってみて、ビデオの音声と比較します。
この練習は、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。また、shadowspeakのサイトでは、さまざまなビデオを使ったシャドーイング練習ができますので、ぜひ利用してみてください。
寒さと風邪の関係は単純ではないことがわかりましたが、科学的な知識をもとに適切な対策を講じることで、冬を健康的に過ごすことができます。同時に、ビデオを使った英語学習も楽しんでください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。