シャドーイング練習: The Truth About Bisexuality - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Gay genes exist.

Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.

But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?

The answer is insane.

New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,

we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.

You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.

Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,

there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.

For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,

3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.

The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,

certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.

Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,

the response increases and turns on gay genes.

The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation

and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.

The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.

Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.

It's an insane sentence, but it's true.

The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,

a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.

Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,

compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.

By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.

In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.

Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.

Posited by scientists

that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a

gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.

And finally, what about bisexual men?

Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.

Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.

A study from the UK Biobank posits

that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks

would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.

Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further

and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.

This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes

that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.

Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.

Sup, boys?

These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.

In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.

But it's not just us.

Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.

There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts

and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,

there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.

Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.

I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.

We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.

Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.

I suppose

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Truth About Bisexuality」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：gay, genes, biological, brother, likely。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が54文、単語が728語あります。音声の長さは3:49です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約191語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
gene 名詞	/d͡ʒiːn/	遺伝子
biological 形容詞	/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/	生物学の
bisexual 形容詞	/baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/	両性愛の, バイセクシュアルな
insane 形容詞	/ɪnˈseɪn/	気が狂った, 狂しい
genetic 形容詞	/d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/	遺伝的
fetus 名詞	/ˈfiːtəs/	胎児
uncle 名詞	/ˈʌŋ.kl̩/	伯父, 伯父貴
odd 形容詞	/ɑd/	変な, 奇異な
hunter 名詞	/ˈhʌntɚ/	猟犬, 狩犬
survival 名詞	/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/	生存, サバイバル
expand 動詞	/ɪkˈspænd/	広げる, 拡大する
pregnancy 名詞	/ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/	妊娠
invest 動詞	/ɪnˈvɛst/	投入する
interaction 名詞	/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/	相互作用
biology 名詞	/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	生物学

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	been linked · are decoded · been found
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have also been found · has been found · have been studied
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	men who have · men who happen · men who were

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, we'll, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
「sh」と「zh」の音: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fetus /ˈfiːtəs/, nephew /ˈnɛf.ju/, homophobic /ˈhoʊ.məˌfoʊ.bɪk/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, homophobia /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。gene, biological, bisexualなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: The Truth About Bisexuality - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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