Shadowing Practice: The Truth About Bisexuality - Learn English Speaking with Video
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54 oraciones
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Gay genes exist.
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Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.
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But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?
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The answer is insane.
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New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,
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we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.
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You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.
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Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,
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there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.
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For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,
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3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.
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The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,
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certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.
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Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,
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the response increases and turns on gay genes.
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The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation
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and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.
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The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.
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Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.
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It's an insane sentence, but it's true.
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The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,
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a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.
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Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,
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compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.
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By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.
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In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.
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Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.
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Posited by scientists
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that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a
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gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.
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And finally, what about bisexual men?
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Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.
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Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.
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A study from the UK Biobank posits
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that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks
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would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.
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Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further
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and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.
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This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes
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that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.
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Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.
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Sup, boys?
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These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.
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In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.
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But it's not just us.
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Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.
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There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts
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and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,
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there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.
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Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.
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I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.
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We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.
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Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.
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I suppose
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “The Truth About Bisexuality”. Las palabras que más se repiten: gay, genes, biological, brother, likely. Este vídeo tiene 54 frases y 728 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:49. El hablante habla rápido, unas 191 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| gene sustantivo | /d͡ʒiːn/ | gen, gene |
| biological adjetivo | /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ | biológico |
| bisexual adjetivo | /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/ | bisexual |
| evolution sustantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolución |
| insane adjetivo | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | enfermo mental, enajenado |
| genetic adjetivo | /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/ | genético |
| successive adjetivo | /səkˈsɛsɪv/ | sucesivo |
| evolutionary adjetivo | /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ | evolutivo, evolucionista |
| fetus sustantivo | /ˈfiːtəs/ | feto |
| uncle sustantivo | /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ | tío |
| essentially adverbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | esencialmente, en esencia |
| odd adjetivo | /ɑd/ | extraño, raro |
| potentially adverbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potencialmente, presuntamente |
| hunter sustantivo | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | perro de caza |
| survival sustantivo | /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ | supervivencia, pervivencia |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go through verbo | atravesar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | been linked · are decoded · been found |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have also been found · has been found · have been studied |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | men who have · men who happen · men who were |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we'll, you're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: gene /d͡ʒiːn/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, genetically /d͡ʒəˈneɾɪkli/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, homosexual /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/, homophobic /ˈhoʊ.məˌfoʊ.bɪk/, homophobia /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como gene, biological, bisexual.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.