Shadowing Practice: Your Brain on Drugs: Marijuana - Learn English Speaking with Video
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For centuries, humans have been using substances to alter their state of mind.
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From caffeine, cigarettes and alcohol to more extreme drugs.
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But as the most commonly used illicit drug in North America, Where does marijuana fit in and how exactly does it affect your brain?
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First, we need to understand how the brain functions.
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Neurons are the cells that process information in the brain.
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By releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another they change the electrical charge of the receiving neuron consequently exciting or inhibiting it.
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If excited, the signal is passed on.
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Though it sounds simple these signals work together and the effect is quickly compouned into complex configurations within milliseconds flashing over the entire brain.
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This is what happens every single time you think, breathe or move.
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So what is going on inside your brain when you’re smoking marijuana?
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Well unlike alcohol, which contains molecules nothing like those in our body, cannabis contains molecules that resemble those produced in our very own brains: cannabonoids.
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Although naturally these cannabonoids circulate at much lower quantities compared to the large influx imposed by smoking, specifically the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol or THC resembles a natural transmitter called “anandamide”.
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These cannabonoids are specialized neurotransmitters released by neurons having just fired.
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Neurons temporarily become unresponsive after firing to prevent them from overracting or being too dominant.
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This allows your brain to function in a calm and controlled manner.
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But cannabonoids interrupt this approach in some parts of the brain.
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Instead, they remove the refractory period of neurons that are already active and can cause your thoughts, imagination, and perception to utterly magnify itself.
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This means, once you begin your train of thought it becomes the most significant and profound thing ever.
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You can’t see the big picture or even recall your last epiphany because you’re caught up in the momentum of a particular idea and your neurons keep firing until a new idea takes hold and you go off on a new tangent.
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These cannabonoids also affect the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain often leading to a sense of euphoria, relaxation, pain modulation and general enhancement of an experience, though sometimes causing anxiety.
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Furthermore, there are cannabonoid receptors in areas controlling short-term memory, learning, coordination, movement control and higher cognitive functions.
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Got a burning question you want answered?
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Ask them in the comments or on Facebook and Twitter and subscribe for more weekly science videos.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Your Brain on Drugs: Marijuana”. Las palabras que más se repiten: brain, neuron, cannabonoid, function. Este vídeo tiene 23 frases y 413 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:21. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 176 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| neuron sustantivo | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | neurona |
| neurotransmitter sustantivo | neurotransmisor | |
| molecule sustantivo | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | molécula |
| resemble verbo | /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/ | resemblar(se) a, semblar |
| circulate verbo | /ˈsɝ.kjʊˌleɪt/ | circular, roldar |
| dendrite sustantivo | /ˈdɛndɹaɪt/ | dendrita |
| dopamine sustantivo | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamina |
| epiphany sustantivo | /ɪˈpɪfəni/ | epifanía, manifestación |
| euphoria sustantivo | /juˈfo.ɹi.ə/ | euforia |
| excite verbo | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | emocionar |
| illicit adjetivo | /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ | ilícito |
| inhibit verbo | /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ | inhibir, coartar |
| magnify verbo | /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ | magnificar |
| millisecond sustantivo | /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/ | milisegundo |
| modulation sustantivo | /ˌmɑd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/ | modulación |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, can't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: modulation /ˌmɑd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: anandamide /əˈnæn.dəˌmaɪd/, epiphany /ɪˈpɪfəni/, euphoria /juˈfo.ɹi.ə/, millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/, modulation /ˌmɑd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmbəl/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: modulation /ˌmɑd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/, tangent /ˈtæn.d͡ʒənt/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/, tetrahydrocannabinol /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhaɪ.dɹək.əˈnæb.əˌnɔl/, enhancement /ɪnˈhæns.mənt/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como neuron, neurotransmitter, molecule.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.