Shadowing Practice: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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The world feels pretty divided.

Currently, 81 % of both liberals and conservatives have unfavorable views towards those on the other side.

But is there actually a fundamental biological difference between liberals and conservatives?

On the surface, we can see some funny differences like conservatives like meat and potatoes more,

while liberals tend to like trying food from other cultures more.

In general, conservatives prefer purebred dogs while liberals prefer mixed breeds, and liberals are okay with free verse poetry while conservatives prefer it to rhyme.

But as we study more, we realize that the differences are much deeper.

When put through MRI brain scans, it turns out that liberals are more likely to have a larger anterior cingulate cortex,

which is associated with understanding and monitoring conflict, while conservatives have a larger right amygdala, which helps process fear and anxiety.

And that makes sense, given the years of research

that have shown people tend to become more conservative when they feel threatened or afraid.

After 9 -11, for example, the US became politically more conservative, with studies showing increased support for issues like national security and military spending.

But studies have also found that conservatives and liberals employ different cognitive styles.

Conservatives excel when it comes to more structured and organized problems or questions, whereas liberals tend to be more flexible

and less likely to commit errors with questions involving conflicting information and requiring fast reaction times.

One study looking at dorm rooms even found that, on average, conservative students' rooms were less messy than liberals.

But they also experienced pain in different ways, so much so that one study was able to predict who was liberal

or conservative just by viewing brain scans of them looking at graphic photos containing mutilations.

In this instance, liberal brains were more active in the S2 or somatosensory 2 region, which is normally activated when you're in pain,

but also when you see someone else suffering.

It's essentially scientific evidence for the bleeding heart liberal stereotype, which doesn't mean conservatives are uncaring, but that their minds just respond to graphic images differently.

In America, this can explain how

Democrats and Republicans perceive the world in fundamentally different ways.

It's difficult to grasp how someone on the other side of politics thinks

because we tend to overestimate the extent to which our opinions, beliefs and values are normal.

Psychologists refer to this as false consensus bias.

For example, if you heard Yanny in the Yanny vs. Laurel debate,

it may have felt that you were the normal one and it was insane that anyone could be hearing Laurel.

Apply this logic to politics and you can see why people have such polarizing ideas on issues like immigration,

abortion, gun rights, etc. But where do these differences come from?

One study revealed that genetics can account for around 30 -40 % of a person's political leanings.

Which may seem like a lot,

but there are still many other important factors like your environment and personal experiences which play massive roles in your politics.

Political neuroscience is a relatively new field of study with fascinating results, and in a world that's being increasingly characterized by its divisions,

perhaps an important aspect of unity involves using neuroscience to better understand each other's differences.

On a lighter note, space is a place where liberals and conservatives and nations all over the world come together,

and we actually just made a video where we tried out the latest space food that astronauts are eating right now.

Click here or the description to check it out.

Also, if you want even more science, we have a weekly science podcast, so subscribe to it.

The link is like down there, I think, and it's called Side Note.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: conservative, liberal, difference, study, tend. Este vídeo tiene 40 frases y 619 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:22. El hablante habla rápido, unas 184 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
involve verbo	/ɪnˈvɑlv/	involucrar
graphic adjetivo	/ˈɡɹæfɪk/	gráfico
scan verbo	/skæn/	escrutar
extent sustantivo	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	extensión
immigration sustantivo	/ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/	inmigración
belief sustantivo	/bɪˈliːf/	creencia
anxiety sustantivo	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	zozobra, ansiedad
refer verbo	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	referir, remitir
suffer verbo	/ˈsʌfɚ/	sufrir, penar
reveal verbo	/ɹɪˈviːl/	revelar, propalar
essentially adverbio	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	esencialmente, en esencia
aspect sustantivo	/ˈæspɛkt/	aspecto
whereas	/(h)wɛɹˈæz/	mientras que (locution)
insane adjetivo	/ɪnˈseɪn/	enfermo mental, enajenado
poetry sustantivo	/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/	poesía

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
come together verbo	/ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/	juntarse, concitarse
put through verbo		poner con
try out verbo		probar, ensayar
turn out verbo		resultar

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	is associated · is normally activated · being increasingly characterized
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora	have shown · have also found
Posibilidad con “might / may” might/may + verbo — algo posible pero no seguro	may have · may seem
Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que ocurre ahora o en estos días	are uncaring · are eating

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: scan /skæn/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/
/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, verse /ˈvɝs/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, characterize /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/, polarize /ˈpəʊ.lə.ɹaɪz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como involve, graphic, scan.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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