쉐도잉 연습: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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The world feels pretty divided.

Currently, 81 % of both liberals and conservatives have unfavorable views towards those on the other side.

But is there actually a fundamental biological difference between liberals and conservatives?

On the surface, we can see some funny differences like conservatives like meat and potatoes more,

while liberals tend to like trying food from other cultures more.

In general, conservatives prefer purebred dogs while liberals prefer mixed breeds, and liberals are okay with free verse poetry while conservatives prefer it to rhyme.

But as we study more, we realize that the differences are much deeper.

When put through MRI brain scans, it turns out that liberals are more likely to have a larger anterior cingulate cortex,

which is associated with understanding and monitoring conflict, while conservatives have a larger right amygdala, which helps process fear and anxiety.

And that makes sense, given the years of research

that have shown people tend to become more conservative when they feel threatened or afraid.

After 9 -11, for example, the US became politically more conservative, with studies showing increased support for issues like national security and military spending.

But studies have also found that conservatives and liberals employ different cognitive styles.

Conservatives excel when it comes to more structured and organized problems or questions, whereas liberals tend to be more flexible

and less likely to commit errors with questions involving conflicting information and requiring fast reaction times.

One study looking at dorm rooms even found that, on average, conservative students' rooms were less messy than liberals.

But they also experienced pain in different ways, so much so that one study was able to predict who was liberal

or conservative just by viewing brain scans of them looking at graphic photos containing mutilations.

In this instance, liberal brains were more active in the S2 or somatosensory 2 region, which is normally activated when you're in pain,

but also when you see someone else suffering.

It's essentially scientific evidence for the bleeding heart liberal stereotype, which doesn't mean conservatives are uncaring, but that their minds just respond to graphic images differently.

In America, this can explain how

Democrats and Republicans perceive the world in fundamentally different ways.

It's difficult to grasp how someone on the other side of politics thinks

because we tend to overestimate the extent to which our opinions, beliefs and values are normal.

Psychologists refer to this as false consensus bias.

For example, if you heard Yanny in the Yanny vs. Laurel debate,

it may have felt that you were the normal one and it was insane that anyone could be hearing Laurel.

Apply this logic to politics and you can see why people have such polarizing ideas on issues like immigration,

abortion, gun rights, etc. But where do these differences come from?

One study revealed that genetics can account for around 30 -40 % of a person's political leanings.

Which may seem like a lot,

but there are still many other important factors like your environment and personal experiences which play massive roles in your politics.

Political neuroscience is a relatively new field of study with fascinating results, and in a world that's being increasingly characterized by its divisions,

perhaps an important aspect of unity involves using neuroscience to better understand each other's differences.

On a lighter note, space is a place where liberals and conservatives and nations all over the world come together,

and we actually just made a video where we tried out the latest space food that astronauts are eating right now.

Click here or the description to check it out.

Also, if you want even more science, we have a weekly science podcast, so subscribe to it.

The link is like down there, I think, and it's called Side Note.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: conservative, liberal, difference, study, tend. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 40개와 단어 619개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 3:22입니다. 화자는 분당 약 184단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
graphic 형용사	/ˈɡɹæfɪk/	그림을 보는 듯한
immigration 명사	/ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/	이주, 이민
belief 명사	/bɪˈliːf/	믿음
anxiety 명사	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	걱정, 불안
refer 동사	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	언급하다
suffer 동사	/ˈsʌfɚ/	괴로와하다, 시달리다
reveal 동사	/ɹɪˈviːl/	나타내다, 드러내다
aspect 명사	/ˈæspɛkt/	양상
insane 형용사	/ɪnˈseɪn/	제정신이 아니다
poetry 명사	/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/	시, 시가
associate 명사	/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/	제휴자, 조합원
monitor 명사	/ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/	모니터
fundamental 형용사	/ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/	기본적
biological 형용사	/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/	생물학의
abortion 명사	/əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/	인공유산, 낙태

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
put through 동사	바꿔주다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is associated · is normally activated · being increasingly characterized
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have shown · have also found
“might / may” 가능성 might/may + 동사 — 가능하지만 확실하지 않은 일	may have · may seem
현재진행 am/is/are + -ing — 지금 또는 요즘 일어나고 있는 일	are uncaring · are eating

주의할 발음

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, verse /ˈvɝs/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, characterize /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/, polarize /ˈpəʊ.lə.ɹaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, graphic, immigration, belief 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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