Pratique du Shadowing: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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The world feels pretty divided.

Currently, 81 % of both liberals and conservatives have unfavorable views towards those on the other side.

But is there actually a fundamental biological difference between liberals and conservatives?

On the surface, we can see some funny differences like conservatives like meat and potatoes more,

while liberals tend to like trying food from other cultures more.

In general, conservatives prefer purebred dogs while liberals prefer mixed breeds, and liberals are okay with free verse poetry while conservatives prefer it to rhyme.

But as we study more, we realize that the differences are much deeper.

When put through MRI brain scans, it turns out that liberals are more likely to have a larger anterior cingulate cortex,

which is associated with understanding and monitoring conflict, while conservatives have a larger right amygdala, which helps process fear and anxiety.

And that makes sense, given the years of research

that have shown people tend to become more conservative when they feel threatened or afraid.

After 9 -11, for example, the US became politically more conservative, with studies showing increased support for issues like national security and military spending.

But studies have also found that conservatives and liberals employ different cognitive styles.

Conservatives excel when it comes to more structured and organized problems or questions, whereas liberals tend to be more flexible

and less likely to commit errors with questions involving conflicting information and requiring fast reaction times.

One study looking at dorm rooms even found that, on average, conservative students' rooms were less messy than liberals.

But they also experienced pain in different ways, so much so that one study was able to predict who was liberal

or conservative just by viewing brain scans of them looking at graphic photos containing mutilations.

In this instance, liberal brains were more active in the S2 or somatosensory 2 region, which is normally activated when you're in pain,

but also when you see someone else suffering.

It's essentially scientific evidence for the bleeding heart liberal stereotype, which doesn't mean conservatives are uncaring, but that their minds just respond to graphic images differently.

In America, this can explain how

Democrats and Republicans perceive the world in fundamentally different ways.

It's difficult to grasp how someone on the other side of politics thinks

because we tend to overestimate the extent to which our opinions, beliefs and values are normal.

Psychologists refer to this as false consensus bias.

For example, if you heard Yanny in the Yanny vs. Laurel debate,

it may have felt that you were the normal one and it was insane that anyone could be hearing Laurel.

Apply this logic to politics and you can see why people have such polarizing ideas on issues like immigration,

abortion, gun rights, etc. But where do these differences come from?

One study revealed that genetics can account for around 30 -40 % of a person's political leanings.

Which may seem like a lot,

but there are still many other important factors like your environment and personal experiences which play massive roles in your politics.

Political neuroscience is a relatively new field of study with fascinating results, and in a world that's being increasingly characterized by its divisions,

perhaps an important aspect of unity involves using neuroscience to better understand each other's differences.

On a lighter note, space is a place where liberals and conservatives and nations all over the world come together,

and we actually just made a video where we tried out the latest space food that astronauts are eating right now.

Click here or the description to check it out.

Also, if you want even more science, we have a weekly science podcast, so subscribe to it.

The link is like down there, I think, and it's called Side Note.

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Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son

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Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : conservative, liberal, difference, study, tend. Cette vidéo contient 40 phrases et 619 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:22. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 184 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
involve verbe	/ɪnˈvɑlv/	impliquer, involver
graphic adjectif	/ˈɡɹæfɪk/	graphique
scan verbe	/skæn/	scanner, fouiller
extent nom	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	mesure
immigration nom	/ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/	immigration
belief nom	/bɪˈliːf/	croyance
anxiety nom	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	anxiété, inquiétude
refer verbe	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	référer
suffer verbe	/ˈsʌfɚ/	souffrir
reveal verbe	/ɹɪˈviːl/	révéler
essentially adverbe	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	essentiellement, en essence
aspect nom	/ˈæspɛkt/	aspect
whereas	/(h)wɛɹˈæz/	tandis que, alors que
insane adjectif	/ɪnˈseɪn/	dérangé, délirant
poetry nom	/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/	poésie

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
come together verbe	/ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/	affluer, s’assembler
put through verbe		passer
try out verbe		essayer, expérimenter
turn out verbe		se finir, se terminer

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is associated · is normally activated · being increasingly characterized
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	have shown · have also found
Possibilité avec « might / may » might/may + verbe — quelque chose de possible mais pas certain	may have · may seem
Présent continu am/is/are + -ing — ce qui se passe en ce moment	are uncaring · are eating

Prononciation à surveiller

Les sons « sh » et « zh »: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, genetics /dʒəˈnɛt.ɪks/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/, immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme involve, graphic, scan.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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