Shadowing Practice: The Best Way To Stop Overeating - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Indulging in food is a favorite pastime for many.
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But considering that ⅔ of Americans, or approximately 207337021 are overweight?
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Perhaps we enjoy food a bit too much.
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So, why can't we stop ourselves from consuming so much fatty and sugary food?
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How do we beat overeating?
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When your stomach is empty it releases a hormone called ghrelin.
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Ghrelin interacts in the brain with the neurotransmitter NPY and turns on the desire to eat.
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Once you satisfy this desire by eating, ghrelin levels drop back down and hunger subsides.
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Conversely, after eating, a different hormone, leptin, is released from the stomach and fat cells, and interferes with NPY, further turning off the desire to eat, and making you feel full.
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But if this hunger regulation system is in place, why can't we say no to that piece of cake, or second helping of chips?
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Many food psychologists believe that in the past, energy-rich foods such as those with lots of fat and sugar, were hard to come by.
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As hunter-gatherers, the human body needed to take advantage of these meals for survival, and as a result, they became extremely desirable.
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But in today's world, we can get a high fat and sugary meal on any corner at any hour.
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The problem is, the instinct and desire still remains, and so we struggle to stop eating these meals.
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Recently, it's been discovered that the continual intake of fat and sugar overrides the regulatory system of ghrelin and leptin.
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The signalling pathway is insufficient to control our new diet, and so our initial evolutionary desire now plagues our ability to choose wisely and eat healthy.
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It's a self-perpetuating problem.
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The more unhealthy food you eat, the more you desire food.
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Got a burning question you want answered?
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Ask it in the comments, or on Facebook and Twitter.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos!
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “The Best Way To Stop Overeating”. Las palabras que más se repiten: desire, ghrelin, fat, eat, meal. Este vídeo tiene 21 frases y 313 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 1:43. El hablante habla rápido, unas 182 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente. 5 de sus 21 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| ghrelin sustantivo | /ˈɡɹɛlɪn/ | ghrelina, grelina |
| leptin sustantivo | /ˈlɛptɪn/ | leptina |
| hormone sustantivo | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormona |
| hunger sustantivo | /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ | hambre, gazuza |
| gatherer sustantivo | recolector | |
| neurotransmitter sustantivo | neurotransmisor | |
| overeat verbo | /ˌoʊvɚˈit/ | empacharse |
| pastime sustantivo | /ˈpæs.taɪm/ | pasatiempo |
| perpetuate verbo | /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ | perpetuar |
| subside verbo | /sʌbˈsaɪd/ | calmarse, amainar |
| conversely adverbio | /kənˈvɝsli/ | en cambio, a la inversa |
| indulge verbo | /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒ/ | ser indulgente consigo mismo |
| wisely adverbio | /ˈwaɪzli/ | sabiamente |
| unhealthy adjetivo | /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/ | insalubre, no / poco / nada saludable / salutífero |
| overweight adjetivo | /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ | con sobrepeso, tener sobrepeso |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| turn off verbo | apagar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: perpetuate /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/, insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: overeat /ˌoʊvɚˈit/, override /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/, conversely /kənˈvɝsli/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: wisely /ˈwaɪzli/, desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: indulge /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒ/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como ghrelin, leptin, hormone.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.