跟讀練習: The Truth About Bisexuality - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Gay genes exist.

Genetic hotspots on chromosome 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, and the X chromosome XQ28 region have all been linked to sexual orientation.

But gay men and women have significantly less kids than straight people, so how come these gay genes continue to persist in humans?

The answer is insane.

New research finds bisexual men play a fascinating role in the evolution of gay genes, but before we get to that,

we need to understand the biological reasons why gay people exist.

You're more likely to be gay if you have older brothers.

Studies show that for each additional older brother you have,

there is an increase in the odds that a younger brother will be gay by 33 to 34%.

For example, if the oldest brother had a 2 % chance of being gay, the probability rises to 2 .6%,

3 .5%, and 4 .6 % for each successive brother.

The biological reason older brothers make you gay is because when the male fetus grows,

certain proteins derived from the father's Y chromosome are foreign to the mother's immune system.

Her body will respond by producing antibodies, which with each successive male pregnancy becomes more sensitized,

the response increases and turns on gay genes.

The interaction of the fetus to the environment causes the mother's body to go through biological processes of methylation

and phosphorylation that changes how gay genes are decoded and expressed.

The mother's antibodies subtly alter the next male fetus's genes to allow them to express potentially more gay genes.

Yes, it's true, a mother will more likely have a gay son the more sons she has.

It's an insane sentence, but it's true.

The reason this happens could be due to kin selection,

a biological theory that you yourself don't need to reproduce in order to ensure the survival of your genes.

Gay men and gay women on average have less kids themselves, but are statistically more likely to be caring,

compassionate, and look after their immediate family members.

By investing time in nieces, nephews, siblings, and the extended family, gay people are spreading their genes by ensuring that their larger family's genes continue.

In a way, you achieve the same result as personal reproduction.

Gay genes exist due to something called the gay uncle hypothesis.

Posited by scientists

that it is biologically advantageous for a mother to have a

gay kid as gay people are more likely to help the immediate family and not leave to procreate with another person.

And finally, what about bisexual men?

Well, Bisexual men have an evolutionary advantage.

Bi men who have genetic markers for homosexuality and heterosexuality have also been found to be more likely to take risks.

A study from the UK Biobank posits

that the genetically bisexual men who happen to take more risks

would have had a huge biological advantage in hunter -gatherer and pre -modern societies.

Bi men who were taking risks might have spread their seed further

and wider than straight men and had more reproductive success in the past.

This is part of the reason why some of the gay genes

that these bi men have would have continued to be prevalent in human populations up until now.

Yes, so one of the reasons why, as gay guys and our gay genes may still be here, is thanks to the bi men.

Sup, boys?

These are a few of the thousands of biological processes that are linked to gay genes in humans.

In fact, depending on how it is measured, surveys find that 2 to 10 % of the human population is gay.

But it's not just us.

Gayness is all over the animal kingdom and has been found in every branch of the evolutionary tree.

There are thousands of species that have been studied to show homosexual traits, but due to past homophobic concepts

and how the evolution of science like kind of grew at a time when homophobia was quite rich,

there's even more and more research coming in now as we expand our minds towards the animal kingdom.

Essentially it's been understudied for years, but there are gay genes all over every animal on earth.

I think it's important to remember that our gayness is heavily linked to our biology.

We'll put a podcast here for even more information if you want to learn more.

Thank you so much for watching and we will see you soon for a new science video.

I suppose

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“The Truth About Bisexuality”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：gay, genes, biological, brother, likely。這段影片共有 54 個句子、728 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 3:49。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 191 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。只有 80% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
gene 名詞	/d͡ʒiːn/	基因
biological 形容詞	/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/	生物
bisexual 形容詞	/baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/	雙性戀的 /雙性戀的
evolution 名詞	/ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/	演變 /演變, 變遷 /變遷
insane 形容詞	/ɪnˈseɪn/	精神失常, 精神錯亂 /精神錯亂
fetus 名詞	/ˈfiːtəs/	胎兒 /胎兒, 胎
uncle 名詞	/ˈʌŋ.kl̩/	伯父, 伯伯
essentially 副詞	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本質上, 基本上
odd 形容詞	/ɑd/	奇怪
hunter 名詞	/ˈhʌntɚ/	獵犬 /獵犬
survival 名詞	/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/	生存
expand 動詞	/ɪkˈspænd/	擴充套件 /擴充套件, 擴張 /擴張
pregnancy 名詞	/ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/	懷孕 /懷孕, 妊娠
invest 動詞	/ɪnˈvɛst/	耗費 /耗費, 投資 /投資
interaction 名詞	/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/	相互作用

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
go through 動詞	通過 /通過

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	been linked · are decoded · been found
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have also been found · has been found · have been studied
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	men who have · men who happen · men who were

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 3 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we'll, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
長單詞——注意重音位置: biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛt.ɪk/, successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/, fetus /ˈfiːtəs/, odd /ɑd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 gene, biological, bisexual 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: The Truth About Bisexuality - 通過影片學習英語口語

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