跟讀練習: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.

時局艱難，自然災害頻發，重大政治衝突不斷，未來充滿不確定性。

But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.

但當各種梗圖鋪天蓋地襲來，吐槽現在活著簡直太遭罪時，對比一下現在的生活和過去的日子，你可能會感到驚訝。

Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.

歷史上的大部分時期，人類其實都在飽受營養不良和飢餓的折磨。

In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.

Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,

and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,

when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.

Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.

In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.

As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.

In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.

We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.

But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.

In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.

Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.

In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico

that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.

People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.

Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.

Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,

and 3-5% of the world died.

Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.

Modern medicine saves millions of lives.

The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.

When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,

modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.

When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,

making some estimates millions higher.

As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.

Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.

In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.

For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.

As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.

But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.

By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,

disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.

Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.

If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,

which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.

We really appreciate all the support through the years and couldn't make these videos without you.

If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.

It all helps keep our channel going in the YouTube algorithm and means a lot to us.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Your Life Now Vs. In The Past”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence。這段影片共有 42 個句子、692 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:01。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 172 個詞，接近日常對話。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
malnutrition 名詞	/ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/	營養不良 /營養不良
smallpox 名詞	/ˈsmɔlpɑks/	天花
starvation 名詞	/stɑɹˈveɪʃən/	飢餓 /飢餓, 糧荒 /糧荒
outbreak 名詞	/ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/	爆發 /爆發
bacterium 名詞	/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/	細菌 /細菌
carbohydrate 名詞	/kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/	碳水化合物, 醣類 /糖類
colonize 動詞	/ˈkɑlənaɪz/	拓殖, 殖民
eradicate 動詞	/əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/	根除
flotilla 名詞	/floʊˈtɪlə/	小船隊 /小船隊, 區艦隊 /區艦隊
infect 動詞	/ɪnˈfɛkt/	傳染 /傳染, 感染
nutritious 形容詞	/nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/	有營養 /有營養
rethink 動詞	/ɹiːˈθɪŋk/	再想, 重想
succumb 動詞	/səˈkʌm/	屈服
beetle 名詞	/ˈbiːtəl/	甲蟲 /甲蟲, 甲殼蟲 /甲殼蟲
dwell 動詞	/dwɛl/	居住, 住

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
check out 動詞	退房

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 3 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 aren't, couldn't, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, outbreak /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 malnutrition, smallpox, starvation 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - 通過影片學習英語口語

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