शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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42 वाक्य
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Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.
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But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.
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Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.
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In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.
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Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,
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and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,
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when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.
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Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.
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In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.
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As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.
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In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.
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We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.
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But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.
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In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.
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Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.
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In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico
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that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.
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People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.
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Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.
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Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,
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and 3-5% of the world died.
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Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.
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Modern medicine saves millions of lives.
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The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.
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When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,
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modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.
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When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,
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making some estimates millions higher.
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As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.
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Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.
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In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.
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For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.
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As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.
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But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.
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By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,
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disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.
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Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.
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If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,
39
which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.
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We really appreciate all the support through the years and couldn't make these videos without you.
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If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.
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It all helps keep our channel going in the YouTube algorithm and means a lot to us.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Your Life Now Vs. In The Past” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 42 वाक्य और 692 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:01 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 172 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
malnutrition संज्ञा/ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/कुपोषण
smallpox संज्ञा/ˈsmɔlpɑks/चेचक, शीतला
advancement संज्ञा/ædˈvæns.mənt/उन्नति, प्रगति
bacterium संज्ञा/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/जीवाणु, कीटाणु
carbohydrate संज्ञा/kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/कार्बोहाइड्रेट
eradicate क्रिया/əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/उन्मूलन
nutritious विशेषण/nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/पोषक, पौष्टिक
beetle संज्ञा/ˈbiːtəl/गुबरैला, भृंग
insecurity संज्ञाअसुरक्षा
infectious विशेषण/ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/संक्रामक
remedy संज्ञा/ˈɹɛmədi/उपाय, समाधान
governmental विशेषण/ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/शासनिक, प्रशासनिक
drought संज्ञा/ˈdɹaʊ̯t/सूखा, अनावृष्टि
meme संज्ञा/miːm/मीम
inequality संज्ञा/ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/असमानता

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 3 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे aren't, couldn't, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, dwell /dwɛl/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर malnutrition, smallpox, advancement जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →