Shadowing Practice: What If The World Went Vegetarian? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Chances are you or someone you know is a vegetarian, so we thought we'd try a thought experiment.
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What would happen if everyone in the world was suddenly a vegetarian?
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What effect would it have on our lives and the planet?
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Before we begin, full disclosure: none of us at ASAP Science are vegetarians, and the worldwide rate of vegetarianism is fairly low,
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ranging from about 4 -5 % in the US and Canada to a little over 30 % in India.
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5 billion cows, over a billion sheep and nearly a billion pigs in the world.
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Without any meat -eating humans to provide a market, whole herds of domestic animals would disappear.
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And this would free up vast quantities of land.
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About 33 million square kilometers of land are used for pasture, an area about the size of Africa.
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And that's not even counting the land used to grow crops exclusively for animal feed.
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Some of it would be needed for the increased amount of vegetable crops, but much of the land currently used as pasture is actually too dry to grow crops.
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Without humans adding artificial nutrients, this land could turn to desert.
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But if properly managed, it's possible that some farmland would return to its natural state of grassland or forest, which could help counteract global climate change.
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After all, the loss of CO2 -absorbing trees cleared for agriculture is a major reason why global levels of CO2 are going up.
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Cows and other grazers also affect our climate power than CO2.
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combined with the loss of forests and other effects Livestock production is responsible for about 15 % of global greenhouse gas emissions,
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which is more than all the world's planes, trains and automobiles put together.
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In fact, many scientists believe that reducing meat consumption may be one of the best strategies for managing climate change.
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A vegetarian diet would also greatly reduce water consumption.
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Around 70 % of global freshwater consumption is used in agriculture.
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It takes 15 ,000 liters to make a kilogram of beef 6 ,000 liters for pork, and 4 ,000 liters for chicken.
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Compare this with 1 ,600 liters for cereal crops 900 liters for fruit and 300 liters for garden vegetables.
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Of course, A kilogram of meat packs many more calories than the equivalent weight of fruit, but even if you compare the ratio of water per calorie of available food energy,
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beef is still 5 times more water intensive than fruit, 7 times more than veggies, and 20 times more than cereal.
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So are there any downsides to a vegetarian diet?
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Well, we'd be left without a cheap source for many byproducts of livestock,
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like leather from animal hides or animal fats which alternatives do exist,
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their production would need to increase, meaning more land dedicated to growing crops and less restored to its natural state.
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A more complicated fact is that raising and processing animals is a full time job for more than 1 billion people,
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most of whom are small scale farmers in the developing world.
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While some may be able to move to producing milk or eggs, or even growing vegetable crops, many would be faced with their way of life becoming obsolete.
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Of course, any increase in vegetarianism is likely to be a gradual process rather than a sudden cutoff, and surprisingly, the trends are actually in the opposite direction.
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In places like India and China, people are becoming wealthier and as a result consuming more meat which effectively cancels out the declines we see in other countries.
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So we actually tried to go vegetarian for 21 days straight as an experiment in our new ASAP Thought episode.
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Check out the video if you want to see how it went, what we learned in the process and how he felt about it both mentally and physically.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “What If The World Went Vegetarian?” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: liters, vegetarian, crops, land, animal. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 36 cümle ve 622 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:46 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 165 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %80’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| vegetarian isim | /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ | vejetaryen, etyemez |
| vegetable isim | /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ | sebze, zerzevat |
| kilogram isim | /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/ | kilogram, kilo |
| pasture isim | /ˈpæst͡ʃəɹ/ | otlak, mera |
| vegetarianism isim | /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ənɪzəm/ | vejeteryenlik |
| calorie isim | /ˈkæləɹi/ | kalori |
| cereal isim | /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ | tahıl, hububat |
| livestock isim | /ˈlaɪvstɑk/ | enam, mal |
| cow isim | /kaʊ/ | inek, sığır |
| nutrient isim | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | besin |
| downside isim | /ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/ | dezavantaj |
| obsolete sıfat | /ˈɑbsəlit/ | eskimiş |
| emission isim | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | emisyon, salınım |
| greenhouse isim | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | sera, limonluk |
| absorb fiil | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorbe etmek, soğurmak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| check out fiil | gözden geçirmek |
| put together fiil | birleştirmek, bir araya getirmek |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, disclosure /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/, sheep /ˈʃiːp/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/, vegetarianism /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ənɪzəm/, automobile /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: crop /kɹɑp/, grazer /ˈɡɹeɪz.ə(ɹ)/, freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, gradual /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, pasture /ˈpæst͡ʃəɹ/, calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, counteract /ˈkaʊntəɹˌækt/, farmland /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; vegetarian, vegetable, kilogram gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.