Shadowing Practice: How Is Your Phone Changing You? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a cell phone, which is pretty shocking given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working toilet.
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So how are these popular gadgets changing your body and brain?
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If you're looking down at your phone right now, your spine angle is equivalent to that of an 8 year old child sitting on your neck,
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which is fairly significant considering people spend an average of 4.7 hours a day looking at their phone.
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This, combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, has led to an increase in the prevalence of myopia or nearsightedness in North America.
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In the 1970s, about one quarter of the population had myopia, where today nearly half do, and in some parts of Asia,
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80-90% of the population is now nearsighted.
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And it can be hard to put your phone down.
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Take for example the game Candy Crush.
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As you play the game, you achieve small goals, causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of dopamine.
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and eventually you're rewarded in the game with new content.
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This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine and together create what is known as a compulsion loop,
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which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the behaviors associated with nicotine or cocaine.
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Our brains are hardwired to make us novelty seeking, and this is why apps on our phones are designed to constantly provide us with new content, making them hard to put down.
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As a result, 93% of young people aged 18-29 report using their smartphone as a tool to avoid boredom,
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as opposed to other activities like reading a book or engaging with people around them.
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This has created a new term, gnomophobia, the fear or anxiety of being without your phone.
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We also see a change in brain patterns.
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Alpha rhythms are commonly associated with wakeful relaxation, like when your mind wanders off, whereas gamma waves are associated with conscious attentiveness.
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And experiments have shown that when a cell phone is transmitting, say during a phone call, the power of these alpha waves is significantly boosted,
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meaning phone transmissions can literally change the way your brain functions.
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Your smartphone can also disrupt your sleep.
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The screen emits a blue light which has been shown to alter our circadian rhythms, diminishing the time spent in deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, cancer and obesity.
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Studies have shown that people who read on their smartphone at night have a harder time falling asleep and produce less melatonin, a hormone responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.
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Harvard Medical School advises the last 2-3 hours before bed be technology free, so pick up a book before bed instead.
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Of course, smartphones also completely change our ability to access information, most notably in poor and minority populations.
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7% of Americans are entirely dependent on smartphones for their access to the internet.
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A 2014 study found that the majority of smartphone owners use their phone for online banking, to look up medical information, and searching for jobs.
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So while phones are in no way exclusively bad, and have been part of a positive change in the world, there's no denying that they are changing us.
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But many successful people have now decided to take smartphone vacations in order to increase productivity.
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In our new ASAP Thought video, we break down the top 6 reasons you should take a smartphone vacation and how it could benefit your life right now.
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And subscribe for more weekly science videos.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “How Is Your Phone Changing You?”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: smartphone, brain, billion, associated, shown. Deze video bevat 32 zinnen en 587 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:11. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 185 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| smartphone zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ | smartphone |
| dopamine zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamine |
| myopia zelfstandig naamwoord | /maɪˈoʊ.pi.ə/ | kortzichtigheid |
| novelty zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnɑvəlti/ | nieuwigheid |
| rhythm zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹɪð.əm/ | ritme |
| burst werkwoord | /bɜːst/ | barsten |
| boredom zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | verveling |
| compulsion zelfstandig naamwoord | /kəmˈpʌlʃən/ | dwang, drang |
| diminish werkwoord | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | verkleinen, verminderen |
| gadget zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/ | gadget |
| melatonin zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌmɛləˈtəʊnɪn/ | melatonine |
| nearsightedness zelfstandig naamwoord | /nɪəɹˈsaɪ.tɪd.nəs/ | bijziendheid |
| nicotine zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnɪkətiːn/ | nicotine |
| disrupt werkwoord | /dɪsˈɹʌpt/ | verstoren |
| prevalence zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɹɛvələns/ | het heersen, het algemeen voorkomen |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| break down werkwoord | stukgaan, kapot gaan | |
| look up werkwoord | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | opkijken |
| pick up werkwoord | oppakken, optillen |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has led · has created · have shown |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is now nearsighted · be rewarded · is known |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | phone, which is · light which has · people who read |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: compulsion /kəmˈpʌlʃən/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: myopia /maɪˈoʊ.pi.ə/, circadian /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/, melatonin /ˌmɛləˈtəʊnɪn/, nearsightedness /nɪəɹˈsaɪ.tɪd.nəs/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: oppose /əˈpoʊz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: gadget /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/, transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/, gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: gadget /ɡæd͡ʒ.ɪt/, gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als smartphone, dopamine, myopia.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.