跟读练习: How porn completely changes your brain - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Pornography use has increased every year since 1998.
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Pornography use has increased every year since 1998.
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Pornhub website visits have increased 11.6% since the pandemic,
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making Pornhub the fourth most visited website next to Google, Facebook, and YouTube.
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Maybe even more shockingly, when you put all porn websites together,
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they get more visits than Twitter, Amazon, and Netflix combined.
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At the same time, since the 1990s,
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there's been an increase in male erectile dysfunction,
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leading to what some researchers are calling is a crisis in male sexuality.
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Is male erectile dysfunction and pornography use linked?
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A recent study found that 82% of people who tried to quit watching pornography failed.
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So what is porn doing to your brain?
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Is it making young men unable to get hard?
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And how can you tell if you or someone you know has a problem with porn?
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Today we're gonna learn about the updated science on pornography use.
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It's honestly intense.
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Wanting to watch porn is related to dopamine,
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a molecule you've heard a lot about here at ASAP Science
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as it's involved with you physiologically craving the things you need to survive,
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like money, food, love, friendship,
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but importantly in the case of porn,
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the molecule is involved with our physiological craving of novel experiences and sex.
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The thing about scrolling porn websites is you're constantly looking at novel videos about sexual stimulation,
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and this really impacts your meso-lymbic dopamine system.
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Keeping tabs open
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and scrolling porn sites actually physically changes the ventral striatum of your brain with two studies finding
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that your ventral striatum physically grows due to watching porn websites.
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And it is this physical change in your brain
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that can over time make it harder for you to restrain from watching porn and even succumbing to dopamine cravings in general.
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Essentially watching new novel sexual porn videos on websites is such an intense stimulus for your brain that it changes neural connections.
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The areas in your brain that end up affected by watching porn are related to reward processing,
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decision making, and emotional regulation.
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One study found higher amounts of porn use is associated with preferring short-term gains over long-term gains.
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While other studies show that the change in brain shape from increased porn consumption can lead to irritability,
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depression, and lower self-esteem.
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A lot of these physiological responses in your brain might lead you to think that pornography is addictive,
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but that's still quite a controversial term within the science community.
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Right now, something known as problematic porn use is considered an impulse control disorder,
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but pornography addiction does not have a standalone diagnosis.
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So how can you tell if you or someone you know has problematic porn use?
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Here is a clear list.
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Salience, you place pornography watching of high importance in your life.
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Maybe you stay up extra late to watch it or find that you are prioritizing porn over sleep,
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hanging out with friends or doing your work.
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Mood modification, you use pornography to deal with negative emotions.
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Tolerance, you gradually seem to need more and more pornography to feel satisfaction
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or are watching more extreme pornographic imagery in order to feel satisfied.
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Conflict, you have intra or interpersonal problems due to your pornography use.
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Withdrawal, you feel psychological distress or withdrawal symptoms in the absence of pornography use.
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And relapse, you experience unsuccessful efforts to reduce or stop pornography use.
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In the general population of Australia,
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North America, and Europe, approximately 70 to 94% of adults report lifetime pornography use.
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Another study listed the countries with the highest number of people with problematic porn use,
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which was Brazil at number five,
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number four was Turkey, number three was Malaysia,
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number two was China, and number one was Taiwan.
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The thing is that in these studies,
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you need to self-identify as having problematic porn use in order to show up in the research.
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Many people probably have it,
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don't want to admit it,
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and even in these studies,
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the results could be skewed.
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One study found that in general,
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seven percent of porn users feel they have a problem or self-proclaim that they are quote unquote addicted,
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but as high as 32% in another study admitted that they wanted help with their pornography use.
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Now, when it comes to pornography use and erectile dysfunction,
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the new science coming in right now is fascinating.
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In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of erectile dysfunction
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and low sexual desire in men under the age of 40.
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In a study conducted in Europe in 1999,
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the erectile dysfunction and low sexual desire rate was 5%.
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In 2011, ED rates increased to 14 to 28%.
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Another survey of men under 40 in the US found that 34% claimed to have ED or low sexual desire.
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This has led some researchers to trace the pattern of increased
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erectile dysfunction to the increase in pornography access we have had since the 1990s.
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One paper from 2015 found erectile problems may occur
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when real-life sexual stimulation does not match the broad visual sexual stimuli of online pornography.
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In other words, because porn is so prevalent and people might be using it as their main source of sexual stimuli,
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when they're in the bedroom with someone else,
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they have a harder time maintaining arousal or staying erect because it's not matching what they're used to doing.
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A study in China found early porn use was associated with changes in reproductive hormone levels and semen quality.
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Of course, there could be other reasons for the increase in male erectile dysfunction,
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stress, world issues, even social media access online,
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but researchers are not ruling out the trend of increased porn consumption as having an impact on increased male erectile dysfunction.
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Now, when it comes to having problematic porn use,
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it's important that you understand that you or the person you know who has it,
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it's not your fault.
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Pornography is considered a super normal stimulus and it's new for our brains to have to deal with looking at this content,
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let alone being on Instagram where you're being fed soft core porn like all the time.
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We are in an unprecedented time for sexual content on our phones,
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through social media, and our brains have not adapted to deal with this type of stimulation.
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In some cases, studies found porn consumption is used to deal with depressive symptoms,
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loneliness, or even a fear of death.
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That being said, the increased porn use didn't help these symptoms and ended up negatively affecting people's emotional moods.
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Three studies I read were on the psychological effects of increased porn use.
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It can lead to low mood,
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depression, decreased self-esteem, and in extreme cases, decreases in appetite.
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People with problematic porn use had increased rates of general anxiety,
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psychological distress, and decreased bonding with family.
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It's also important to reflect on when you started to watch porn because the younger you were watching porn,
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the more impact it has on your brain and the harder it can be to stop watching porn.
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So what can you do to deal with this?
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One thing that's really important is to not blame yourself.
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Again, this is a technological issue.
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In fact, when you feel guilty about porn use,
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it can backfire and make you actually consume porn more often.
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One study on moral incongruence found
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that being religious is a better predictor of porn-related problems than the actual amount of porn you are watching.
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This is because of guilt.
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The guilt of being religious and watching porn may actually lead you to seek it out.
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Guilt or forced abstinence creates a reward prediction error where your brain has a hard time not focusing on not watching porn,
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which in a backwards way makes you think about it more.
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Intrusive negative thoughts can actually end up leading to arousal.
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The clearest way I found to deal with your porn use was from a study using a diagram with these three words.
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Liking, wanting, and needing.
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Ideally, when viewing porn, you want to like it.
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When the dopamine system in your brain starts to lean towards the area of wanting it,
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or in extreme cases, needing it,
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this is when you may need to seek help.
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Another study on porn use found that the more people watched it,
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the less they actually liked it.
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This makes sense when looking at the diagram from this study.
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When you get towards wanting or needing porn,
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the reward strength actually decreases.
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Most of these studies talk about the importance of cognitive behavioral therapy.
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So if you feel like in your life,
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you're getting to the point where you are wanting porn or needing porn,
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then that's when you might need to seek out mental professional help.
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There is a lot of studies coming out about this right now.
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We're in unprecedented technological times as we've talked about for pornography access and use.
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Share this video.
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It might be an awkward share,
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but share it with anyone who you think might be struggling with problematic porn use.
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And make sure you're subscribed for more science videos.
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We will continue to update you on the science as it comes in.
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Like, subscribe, the classics, and we'll see you soon for a new video.
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I'll say peace.
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本课介绍
在本课中，我们将通过分析视频中关于色情对大脑影响的科学研究，练习听力和口语。这段视频深刻探讨了色情使用的增加与男性性功能障碍之间的关系，以及这种现象对大脑的生理影响。通过学习这段内容，您不仅会提高英语听力水平，还能掌握相关的学术词汇，帮助您在雅思口语练习中更流畅地表达自己的观点。
关键词汇与短语
- 色情 (pornography)
- 大脑结构 (brain structure)
- 多巴胺 (dopamine)
- 短期利益 (short-term gains)
- 冲动控制障碍 (impulse control disorder)
- 心理困扰 (psychological distress)
- 情绪调节 (emotional regulation)
- 成瘾 (addiction)
练习建议
在观看这段视频时，您可以利用shadow speaks的技巧来提高您的英语发音。视频中的内容速度适中，语音清晰，非常适合进行影子跟读练习。您可以先完整听一遍，集中注意力在内容理解上；然后，在第二遍时，试着跟随视频中发言的节奏进行shadow speech。这不仅可以提高您的发音，还能帮助您在雅思口语练习中更自信地表达观点。
此外，请注意语调和重音，模仿视频中讲话者的情感表达将有助于您更自然地掌握语言技巧。通过这种方式，您会更加熟悉如何在真实对话中使用这些词汇，尤其是在讨论如心理健康和人际关系等复杂话题时。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。