Prática de Shadowing: Why Parents Bully Their Children - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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What is the most strange and saddest phenomena of psychological life?
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One of the strangest and saddest phenomena of psychological life is that there are parents, too many parents, who end up,
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while sometimes only half realizing it, bullying their own children.
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Why do parents bully their children?
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In short, in order to try to feel better about themselves themselves.
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Because they suffer intensely in the very same area that they are choosing to bully their child in.
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Someone made them feel awful and they surmise,
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by twisted logic, that they will feel better through the process of making their own child feel very bad indeed.
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They aren't doing it personally.
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The child is just collateral damage to a misguided project of healing and an attenuation of symptoms.
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It doesn't make any sense, of course, but But it may actually work for the parent for a time.
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Let's imagine a parent who harbours a terrible fear of being stupid.
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Somewhere in their own past, they were belittled and made to feel hugely inadequate.
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Now a child comes along, their own child, full of the normal hesitations and weaknesses of early infancy.
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Without really realising what they're up to, the parent grows inflamed and incensed by this child's apparent stupidity
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and starts to mock and attack in another person what they fear and hate in themselves.
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It makes them feel a bit better.
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The child becomes a repository of all that they fail to tolerate in themselves.
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They, the child, are the dumb one, so they, the parent, don't have to be.
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They, the child, are the stupid and ugly one, so they, the parent, don't have to be.
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And therefore, the parent is liberated to live more easily within itself self.
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The bad is contained and localised.
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It can't be in them if it's all in little him or her.
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It can take bullied children a very long time to realise that they have even been bullied.
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They don't after all grow up thinking
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that someone else has actually made them feel stupid or made them feel ugly or made them feel soiled,
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let alone their own parent whom they depend on and admire and long to be loved by.
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They simply think that they are stupid, ugly and soiled.
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There is no call for an explanation or a cause.
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Yet, if we are those now grown -up bullied children, we don't need to wonder too much more about what might have happened to us.
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We simply need to take stock of how we feel about ourselves
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and guess that the terrible judgements and sensations that we have about ourselves did not arise spontaneously.
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The feelings we harbour of ourselves are legacies of real occurrences in the world.
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Someone who isn't necessarily owning up to it made us feel a certain way
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and that is why now we are in such pain.
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Typically, those who've been bullied don't look backwards.
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Their illnesses point them relentlessly to the present and the future.
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The bullied anticipate terrible things happening to them that echo events
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that once happened to them but that they don't remember in any way.
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They are causeless paranoiacs, self -haters and warriors.
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Catastrophe is never far away.
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A person feels they're ugly because two decades ago a mother made them feel as such.
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A person feels they've done something very wrong because even further back someone did something very wrong to them.
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The fear contains the imprint of unconscious history.
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We overcome our bullying when we learn to discriminate between what actually belongs to us and what was placed in us.
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Between who we are and what we've been told we are.
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Between how our caregivers like to present themselves and what they've actually done.
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Our triggers and apprehensions lie along the fault lines of our early traumas.
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So they can guide us back to what we suffered through when we are ready to explore.
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We're on our way to overcoming bullying when we can say at last, I'm not ugly, I was made to feel unacceptable.
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I haven't done anything wrong.
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Something wrong was done to me.
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And in general, I am not awful.
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Something awful happened to me.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Why Parents Bully Their Children”. As palavras que mais se repetem: parent, bullied, ugly, themselves, stupid. Este vídeo tem 54 frases e 701 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:07. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 170 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| bully substantivo | /ˈbʊli/ | rufia, rufião |
| ugly adjetivo | /ˈʌɡli/ | feio |
| awful adjetivo | /ˈɔːfʊl/ | horrível, terrível |
| bullying substantivo | /ˈbʊ.li.ɪŋ/ | bullying, vexação |
| suffer verbo | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | sofrer |
| soil substantivo | /sɔɪl/ | solo |
| overcome verbo | /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/ | vencer, superar |
| psychological adjetivo | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psicológico |
| phenomenon substantivo | /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ | fenômeno, fenómeno |
| necessarily advérbio | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | necessariamente |
| explanation substantivo | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | explicação, explanação |
| illness substantivo | /ˈɪl.nəs/ | doença, enfermidade |
| belong verbo | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | pertencer |
| legacy substantivo | /ˈlɛɡəsi/ | legado |
| apparent adjetivo | /əˈpæɹənt/ | visível |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crescer |
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were belittled · is liberated · is contained |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have even been bullied · has actually made · who've been bullied |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 19 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, they're, they've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, sensation /sɛnˈseɪʃən/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, unacceptable /ˌʌn.ækˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: apparent /əˈpæɹənt/, twist /twɪst/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, mock /mɑk/, tolerate /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: awful /ˈɔːfʊl/, soil /sɔɪl/, heal /ˈhiːl/, collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, belittle /bɪˈlɪt.əl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: heal /ˈhiːl/, hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, apprehension /æp.ɹiˈhɛn.ʃən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como bully, ugly, awful.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.