Prática de Shadowing: The Worst Form of Immaturity - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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One of the things that we established when we were looking at the developmental course of maturation, so tell me what you think about this.
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So it seems to me that a lot of what we see as narcissism is actually something like prolonged immaturity.
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Now, it's a little more complicated than that.
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So the little kids that we studied, and this is true of those who've studied little kids in general
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so there's about five percent of males at the age of two who hit kick bite and steal
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when you put them with other two-year-olds and they're almost all male
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and there's only one in 20 and
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so you could say most two-year-olds aren't psychopathic narcissists by by temperament
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so these are probably the boys who are disagreeable extroverts by temperament right and so they're competitive,
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they're pushy, and when they're very young, they're impulsive.
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Now, most of them are socialized by the age of four.
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Now, our studies of long-term criminality indicated that it was the minority of
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that 5% who weren't socialized by the age of four that became the long-term predatory criminals.
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And it was very difficult to do anything about that after the age four.
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But that's also made me think more recently that what we're seeing as that narcissistic,
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predatory parasitism is probably something like a failure of maturation.
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It's like, rather than being a pathology in and of itself, it's just the maintenance of self-centered immaturity far beyond its expiry date.
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And so I'm wondering what you think of a formulation like that.
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I like that idea and that there is an immaturity to narcissism.
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Just to take it in a little bit of a Freudian direction, it seems you can think,
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you know, if you think about it in terms of sort of Freud's developmental model,
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the narcissism is like being stuck in the phallic stage a little bit rather than being stuck in, say, the oral stage or anal
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So I don't think it's just there can be different types of being immature.
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I think that- Right, right, right.
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It's not dependent, for example.
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Yeah, you're not a dependent, not like, I just need someone to take care of me.
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I'm 50 years old.
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It's more, you get stuck in this, like I should say adolescent, this childish, phallic, masculine, I'm going to do this.
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I'm going to get this.
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And you get stuck in that.
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And that model, you know, you can use it as an adult, but it's kind of like you're a little bit of a cartoon.
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And so that's something I see that it's like you're a cartoon child acting like an adult, like I'm a big deal,
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like the guys that try to be alpha.
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And I'm like, yeah, dude.
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So yeah, I do see.
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Calm down there, buddy.
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Yeah, calm down.
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Come on.
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So I do see that for sure.
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But I do think it's sort of one path in development that you don't develop.
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It's not all the paths.
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Yeah.
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Well, I think that's a good distinction because it shines a light on another sociological or psychological phenomena.
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So one of the things that we see is the rise to a certain type of stardom of people like Andrew Tate.
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And the Andrew Tate phenomenon has really interested me because I have some sympathy for him.
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Now it's limited, but it's limited in the way that you just described.
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So you could imagine that the worst form of immaturity, the most counterproductive form of immaturity would be something like,
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well, the Freudian oral stage.
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If we reformulated that in more modern terminology, that would be something like prolonged infantile immaturity.
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So you're basically stuck as a dependent, right?
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And so you have no, all your locus of control is external.
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All you do is whine to get people to deliver to you what you want.
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Now that's perfectly acceptable if you're six months old, although you could even use smiling at that point and as an invitation.
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But then you might imagine that if you are stuck at that dependent stage and you have a impulse for maturation,
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if someone who was more narcissistic and aggressive came along, they would actually look attractive to you because first of all,
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it would be better to be, it's better to be a narcissistic extrovert than it is to be a dependent infant.
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That doesn't mean it's good, right?
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But it does mean that it's better.
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Yeah.
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Well, and you can think about that from an evolutionary biological perspective too,
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because it's definitely the case that manipulative psychopaths can be successful in finding sexual partners.
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Whereas infantile dependent men, they're just not going anywhere on that side of things because they can't,
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like no women, virtually no women are attracted to infantile dependent men.
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some women are attracted to narcissistic blowhards, right?
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So yeah, is that in keeping with your understanding of the developmental progression?
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Yeah.
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I mean, I think it makes sense.
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And I like how you're saying that.
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Like, look, dude, it's better to be narcissistic and full of yourself if you're a guy than just be a dependent loser.
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But that isn't the highest stage of male development isn't being a peacock.
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It's helping.
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It's being a provider.
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It's doing more than that.
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It's leading a family.
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It's leading people.
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But again, it is better to be narcissistic than just dependent.
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So yeah, it makes sense.
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Oh, you mentioned Andrew Tate.
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I'm kind of old for this,
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but I see a lot of younger guys that are attracted to this more sort of alpha in quotes personality model.
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And I understand it too, because they're not getting a lot of really good male role models out there.
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So they see one that looks sort of cartoonish and seems functional
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and seems to have some agency
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and seems to be navigating life effectively in a way that would be appealing to a 15-year-old guy.
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And so I understand it.
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I just wish we had better role models, you know, but I understand it.
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It might also be, well, it might also be that there is a a time at which that's actually developmentally appropriate.
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So, you know, one of the things we found in our analysis of the development of psychopathology, so imagine with teenagers, okay,
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imagine there's two patterns of, three patterns of living with the rules,
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say when you're 13 to 15 and you're a male.
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Now, it also applies to females, but less so because they're not as aggressive.
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So imagine that you're a 13 to 15-year-old male who never breaks a rule ever.
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Okay, now imagine you're a 13 to 15-year-old and you break a rule all the time, And then imagine that you're somewhere in the middle.
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Okay, so that's the whole distribution.
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Well, the males who never break a rule, they are at higher risk for dependent personality disorder,
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for depression and anxiety later in life.
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Now, the ones on the other end of the spectrum are much more at risk for lifetime criminality,
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let's say, and substance abuse, violence, and all that.
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So there's pathology associated with both extremes with regards to rules.
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Now, the kids in the middle, they are going to experiment.
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And so now you can imagine that if you're a kid who comes from a good home and you're pretty rule oriented,
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there might well be a time between the ages of 13 and 15 or 16,
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something like that, where it's actually appropriate for you to admire the rule breakers to some degree,
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because that's one of the things that pops you out of that childhood dependence on your parents, right?
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But hopefully you would supersede that as you mature.
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And that is the pattern for most men, right?
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I mean, criminality drops off like mad around 25.
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And so does substance abuse, something like that.
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And that's often when men who are like men, women like men, four to five years older.
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And so it makes sense that it's about 25 or so that men start to get their act together.
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And that's when they take that step beyond the more narcissistic
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and showy aspects of masculinity and take on these roles
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that are oriented towards a longer time span and a broader social horizon.
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What you're making me think of is the classic, you know, Jack Block's work on, you know, drug use in Berkeley back in the 70s.
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It was the people who didn't use any and used too much that got into trouble.
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And then there's this golden mean in the middle.
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And you see that golden mean in a lot of things where you want to have a little edge, but not too much edge.
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You don't want to be perfectly moral, but you don't want to be immoral.
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There's always that little bit of edge.
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And you're right, developmentally, I think it's appropriate for young guys to kind of go to
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that little darker side for a while, maybe.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “The Worst Form of Immaturity”. As palavras que mais se repetem: dependent, imagine, narcissistic, male, rule. Este vídeo tem 121 frases e 1511 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:16. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 163 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| dependent adjetivo | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | dependente |
| attract verbo | /əˈtɹækt/ | atrair |
| aggressive adjetivo | /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ | agressivo |
| oral adjetivo | /ˈɔː.ɹəl/ | oral |
| alpha substantivo | /ˈæl.fə/ | alfa |
| substance substantivo | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | substância |
| phenomenon substantivo | /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ | fenômeno, fenómeno |
| cartoon substantivo | /kɑɹˈtun/ | cartum, charge |
| pathology substantivo | /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ | patologia |
| complicated adjetivo | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | complicado |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | firmar, instaurar |
| moral adjetivo | /ˈmoɹəl/ | moral |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| aspect substantivo | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspeto, aspecto |
| minority substantivo | /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ | menoridade |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| calm down verbo | acalmar-se |
| drop off verbo | entregar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are socialized · weren't socialized · being stuck |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | someone who was · kid who comes · men who are |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | who've studied · has really interested |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 44 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, they're, I'm. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, psychopath /ˈsaɪkəʊpæθ/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/, psychopathology /ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shine /ʃaɪn/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, moral /ˈmoɹəl/, steal /stiːl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como dependent, attract, aggressive.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.