シャドーイング練習: The Worst Form of Immaturity - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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One of the things that we established when we were looking at the developmental course of maturation, so tell me what you think about this.

So it seems to me that a lot of what we see as narcissism is actually something like prolonged immaturity.

Now, it's a little more complicated than that.

So the little kids that we studied, and this is true of those who've studied little kids in general

so there's about five percent of males at the age of two who hit kick bite and steal

when you put them with other two-year-olds and they're almost all male

and there's only one in 20 and

so you could say most two-year-olds aren't psychopathic narcissists by by temperament

so these are probably the boys who are disagreeable extroverts by temperament right and so they're competitive,

they're pushy, and when they're very young, they're impulsive.

Now, most of them are socialized by the age of four.

Now, our studies of long-term criminality indicated that it was the minority of

that 5% who weren't socialized by the age of four that became the long-term predatory criminals.

And it was very difficult to do anything about that after the age four.

But that's also made me think more recently that what we're seeing as that narcissistic,

predatory parasitism is probably something like a failure of maturation.

It's like, rather than being a pathology in and of itself, it's just the maintenance of self-centered immaturity far beyond its expiry date.

And so I'm wondering what you think of a formulation like that.

I like that idea and that there is an immaturity to narcissism.

Just to take it in a little bit of a Freudian direction, it seems you can think,

you know, if you think about it in terms of sort of Freud's developmental model,

the narcissism is like being stuck in the phallic stage a little bit rather than being stuck in, say, the oral stage or anal

So I don't think it's just there can be different types of being immature.

I think that- Right, right, right.

It's not dependent, for example.

Yeah, you're not a dependent, not like, I just need someone to take care of me.

I'm 50 years old.

It's more, you get stuck in this, like I should say adolescent, this childish, phallic, masculine, I'm going to do this.

I'm going to get this.

And you get stuck in that.

And that model, you know, you can use it as an adult, but it's kind of like you're a little bit of a cartoon.

And so that's something I see that it's like you're a cartoon child acting like an adult, like I'm a big deal,

like the guys that try to be alpha.

And I'm like, yeah, dude.

So yeah, I do see.

Calm down there, buddy.

Yeah, calm down.

Come on.

So I do see that for sure.

But I do think it's sort of one path in development that you don't develop.

It's not all the paths.

Yeah.

Well, I think that's a good distinction because it shines a light on another sociological or psychological phenomena.

So one of the things that we see is the rise to a certain type of stardom of people like Andrew Tate.

And the Andrew Tate phenomenon has really interested me because I have some sympathy for him.

Now it's limited, but it's limited in the way that you just described.

So you could imagine that the worst form of immaturity, the most counterproductive form of immaturity would be something like,

well, the Freudian oral stage.

If we reformulated that in more modern terminology, that would be something like prolonged infantile immaturity.

So you're basically stuck as a dependent, right?

And so you have no, all your locus of control is external.

All you do is whine to get people to deliver to you what you want.

Now that's perfectly acceptable if you're six months old, although you could even use smiling at that point and as an invitation.

But then you might imagine that if you are stuck at that dependent stage and you have a impulse for maturation,

if someone who was more narcissistic and aggressive came along, they would actually look attractive to you because first of all,

it would be better to be, it's better to be a narcissistic extrovert than it is to be a dependent infant.

That doesn't mean it's good, right?

But it does mean that it's better.

Yeah.

Well, and you can think about that from an evolutionary biological perspective too,

because it's definitely the case that manipulative psychopaths can be successful in finding sexual partners.

Whereas infantile dependent men, they're just not going anywhere on that side of things because they can't,

like no women, virtually no women are attracted to infantile dependent men.

some women are attracted to narcissistic blowhards, right?

So yeah, is that in keeping with your understanding of the developmental progression?

Yeah.

I mean, I think it makes sense.

And I like how you're saying that.

Like, look, dude, it's better to be narcissistic and full of yourself if you're a guy than just be a dependent loser.

But that isn't the highest stage of male development isn't being a peacock.

It's helping.

It's being a provider.

It's doing more than that.

It's leading a family.

It's leading people.

But again, it is better to be narcissistic than just dependent.

So yeah, it makes sense.

Oh, you mentioned Andrew Tate.

I'm kind of old for this,

but I see a lot of younger guys that are attracted to this more sort of alpha in quotes personality model.

And I understand it too, because they're not getting a lot of really good male role models out there.

So they see one that looks sort of cartoonish and seems functional

and seems to have some agency

and seems to be navigating life effectively in a way that would be appealing to a 15-year-old guy.

And so I understand it.

I just wish we had better role models, you know, but I understand it.

It might also be, well, it might also be that there is a a time at which that's actually developmentally appropriate.

So, you know, one of the things we found in our analysis of the development of psychopathology, so imagine with teenagers, okay,

imagine there's two patterns of, three patterns of living with the rules,

say when you're 13 to 15 and you're a male.

Now, it also applies to females, but less so because they're not as aggressive.

So imagine that you're a 13 to 15-year-old male who never breaks a rule ever.

Okay, now imagine you're a 13 to 15-year-old and you break a rule all the time, And then imagine that you're somewhere in the middle.

Okay, so that's the whole distribution.

Well, the males who never break a rule, they are at higher risk for dependent personality disorder,

for depression and anxiety later in life.

Now, the ones on the other end of the spectrum are much more at risk for lifetime criminality,

let's say, and substance abuse, violence, and all that.

So there's pathology associated with both extremes with regards to rules.

100

Now, the kids in the middle, they are going to experiment.

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And so now you can imagine that if you're a kid who comes from a good home and you're pretty rule oriented,

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there might well be a time between the ages of 13 and 15 or 16,

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something like that, where it's actually appropriate for you to admire the rule breakers to some degree,

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because that's one of the things that pops you out of that childhood dependence on your parents, right?

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But hopefully you would supersede that as you mature.

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And that is the pattern for most men, right?

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I mean, criminality drops off like mad around 25.

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And so does substance abuse, something like that.

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And that's often when men who are like men, women like men, four to five years older.

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And so it makes sense that it's about 25 or so that men start to get their act together.

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And that's when they take that step beyond the more narcissistic

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and showy aspects of masculinity and take on these roles

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that are oriented towards a longer time span and a broader social horizon.

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What you're making me think of is the classic, you know, Jack Block's work on, you know, drug use in Berkeley back in the 70s.

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It was the people who didn't use any and used too much that got into trouble.

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And then there's this golden mean in the middle.

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And you see that golden mean in a lot of things where you want to have a little edge, but not too much edge.

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You don't want to be perfectly moral, but you don't want to be immoral.

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There's always that little bit of edge.

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And you're right, developmentally, I think it's appropriate for young guys to kind of go to

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that little darker side for a while, maybe.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Worst Form of Immaturity」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：dependent, imagine, narcissistic, male, rule。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が121文、単語が1511語あります。音声の長さは9:16です。話す速さは1分あたり約163語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
dependent 形容詞	/dɪˈpɛndənt/	次第, 依存する
attract 動詞	/əˈtɹækt/	引きつける
aggressive 形容詞	/əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/	侵略的な, 攻撃的な
oral 形容詞	/ˈɔː.ɹəl/	口頭の
alpha 名詞	/ˈæl.fə/	アルファ
substance 名詞	/ˈsʌbstəns/	物質
phenomenon 名詞	/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/	現象
cartoon 名詞	/kɑɹˈtun/	風刺画, 戯画
pathology 名詞	/pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/	病理学
complicated 形容詞	/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/	複雑な
moral 形容詞	/ˈmoɹəl/	倫理的な
anxiety 名詞	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	心配, 不安
aspect 名詞	/ˈæspɛkt/	様相
minority 名詞	/maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/	少数
steal 動詞	/stiːl/	盗む

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
calm down 動詞	落ち着く
drop off 動詞	落ちる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are socialized · weren't socialized · being stuck
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	someone who was · kid who comes · men who are
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	who've studied · has really interested

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, they're, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を44回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, psychopath /ˈsaɪkəʊpæθ/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/, psychopathology /ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/
「sh」と「zh」の音: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shine /ʃaɪn/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, moral /ˈmoɹəl/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, prolong /pɹoʊˈlɑŋ/, disagreeable /dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, provider /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: alpha /ˈæl.fə/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, lifetime /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/, functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/, infant /ˈɪn.fənt/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。dependent, attract, aggressiveなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる句動詞

この動画の文法

注意したい発音

この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由