跟读练习: The Worst Form of Immaturity - 通过视频学习英语口语

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One of the things that we established when we were looking at the developmental course of maturation, so tell me what you think about this.

So it seems to me that a lot of what we see as narcissism is actually something like prolonged immaturity.

Now, it's a little more complicated than that.

So the little kids that we studied, and this is true of those who've studied little kids in general

so there's about five percent of males at the age of two who hit kick bite and steal

when you put them with other two-year-olds and they're almost all male

and there's only one in 20 and

so you could say most two-year-olds aren't psychopathic narcissists by by temperament

so these are probably the boys who are disagreeable extroverts by temperament right and so they're competitive,

they're pushy, and when they're very young, they're impulsive.

Now, most of them are socialized by the age of four.

Now, our studies of long-term criminality indicated that it was the minority of

that 5% who weren't socialized by the age of four that became the long-term predatory criminals.

And it was very difficult to do anything about that after the age four.

But that's also made me think more recently that what we're seeing as that narcissistic,

predatory parasitism is probably something like a failure of maturation.

It's like, rather than being a pathology in and of itself, it's just the maintenance of self-centered immaturity far beyond its expiry date.

And so I'm wondering what you think of a formulation like that.

I like that idea and that there is an immaturity to narcissism.

Just to take it in a little bit of a Freudian direction, it seems you can think,

you know, if you think about it in terms of sort of Freud's developmental model,

the narcissism is like being stuck in the phallic stage a little bit rather than being stuck in, say, the oral stage or anal

So I don't think it's just there can be different types of being immature.

I think that- Right, right, right.

It's not dependent, for example.

Yeah, you're not a dependent, not like, I just need someone to take care of me.

I'm 50 years old.

It's more, you get stuck in this, like I should say adolescent, this childish, phallic, masculine, I'm going to do this.

I'm going to get this.

And you get stuck in that.

And that model, you know, you can use it as an adult, but it's kind of like you're a little bit of a cartoon.

And so that's something I see that it's like you're a cartoon child acting like an adult, like I'm a big deal,

like the guys that try to be alpha.

And I'm like, yeah, dude.

So yeah, I do see.

Calm down there, buddy.

Yeah, calm down.

Come on.

So I do see that for sure.

But I do think it's sort of one path in development that you don't develop.

It's not all the paths.

Yeah.

Well, I think that's a good distinction because it shines a light on another sociological or psychological phenomena.

So one of the things that we see is the rise to a certain type of stardom of people like Andrew Tate.

And the Andrew Tate phenomenon has really interested me because I have some sympathy for him.

Now it's limited, but it's limited in the way that you just described.

So you could imagine that the worst form of immaturity, the most counterproductive form of immaturity would be something like,

well, the Freudian oral stage.

If we reformulated that in more modern terminology, that would be something like prolonged infantile immaturity.

So you're basically stuck as a dependent, right?

And so you have no, all your locus of control is external.

All you do is whine to get people to deliver to you what you want.

Now that's perfectly acceptable if you're six months old, although you could even use smiling at that point and as an invitation.

But then you might imagine that if you are stuck at that dependent stage and you have a impulse for maturation,

if someone who was more narcissistic and aggressive came along, they would actually look attractive to you because first of all,

it would be better to be, it's better to be a narcissistic extrovert than it is to be a dependent infant.

That doesn't mean it's good, right?

But it does mean that it's better.

Yeah.

Well, and you can think about that from an evolutionary biological perspective too,

because it's definitely the case that manipulative psychopaths can be successful in finding sexual partners.

Whereas infantile dependent men, they're just not going anywhere on that side of things because they can't,

like no women, virtually no women are attracted to infantile dependent men.

some women are attracted to narcissistic blowhards, right?

So yeah, is that in keeping with your understanding of the developmental progression?

Yeah.

I mean, I think it makes sense.

And I like how you're saying that.

Like, look, dude, it's better to be narcissistic and full of yourself if you're a guy than just be a dependent loser.

But that isn't the highest stage of male development isn't being a peacock.

It's helping.

It's being a provider.

It's doing more than that.

It's leading a family.

It's leading people.

But again, it is better to be narcissistic than just dependent.

So yeah, it makes sense.

Oh, you mentioned Andrew Tate.

I'm kind of old for this,

but I see a lot of younger guys that are attracted to this more sort of alpha in quotes personality model.

And I understand it too, because they're not getting a lot of really good male role models out there.

So they see one that looks sort of cartoonish and seems functional

and seems to have some agency

and seems to be navigating life effectively in a way that would be appealing to a 15-year-old guy.

And so I understand it.

I just wish we had better role models, you know, but I understand it.

It might also be, well, it might also be that there is a a time at which that's actually developmentally appropriate.

So, you know, one of the things we found in our analysis of the development of psychopathology, so imagine with teenagers, okay,

imagine there's two patterns of, three patterns of living with the rules,

say when you're 13 to 15 and you're a male.

Now, it also applies to females, but less so because they're not as aggressive.

So imagine that you're a 13 to 15-year-old male who never breaks a rule ever.

Okay, now imagine you're a 13 to 15-year-old and you break a rule all the time, And then imagine that you're somewhere in the middle.

Okay, so that's the whole distribution.

Well, the males who never break a rule, they are at higher risk for dependent personality disorder,

for depression and anxiety later in life.

Now, the ones on the other end of the spectrum are much more at risk for lifetime criminality,

let's say, and substance abuse, violence, and all that.

So there's pathology associated with both extremes with regards to rules.

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Now, the kids in the middle, they are going to experiment.

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And so now you can imagine that if you're a kid who comes from a good home and you're pretty rule oriented,

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there might well be a time between the ages of 13 and 15 or 16,

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something like that, where it's actually appropriate for you to admire the rule breakers to some degree,

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because that's one of the things that pops you out of that childhood dependence on your parents, right?

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But hopefully you would supersede that as you mature.

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And that is the pattern for most men, right?

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I mean, criminality drops off like mad around 25.

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And so does substance abuse, something like that.

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And that's often when men who are like men, women like men, four to five years older.

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And so it makes sense that it's about 25 or so that men start to get their act together.

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And that's when they take that step beyond the more narcissistic

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and showy aspects of masculinity and take on these roles

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that are oriented towards a longer time span and a broader social horizon.

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What you're making me think of is the classic, you know, Jack Block's work on, you know, drug use in Berkeley back in the 70s.

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It was the people who didn't use any and used too much that got into trouble.

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And then there's this golden mean in the middle.

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And you see that golden mean in a lot of things where you want to have a little edge, but not too much edge.

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You don't want to be perfectly moral, but you don't want to be immoral.

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There's always that little bit of edge.

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And you're right, developmentally, I think it's appropriate for young guys to kind of go to

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that little darker side for a while, maybe.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“The Worst Form of Immaturity”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：dependent, imagine, narcissistic, male, rule。这段视频共有 121 个句子、1511 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 9:16。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 163 个词，接近日常对话。 84% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
dependent 形容词	/dɪˈpɛndənt/	依靠, 倚賴 /倚赖
attract 动词	/əˈtɹækt/	吸引
aggressive 形容词	/əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/	好鬥 /好斗, 好戰的 /好战的
oral 形容词	/ˈɔː.ɹəl/	口的, 口腔的
alpha 名词	/ˈæl.fə/	阿爾法 /阿尔法, 阿伐
substance 名词	/ˈsʌbstəns/	物質 /物质
phenomenon 名词	/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/	現象 /现象
cartoon 名词	/kɑɹˈtun/	卡通, 諷刺畫 /讽刺画
pathology 名词	/pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/	病理學 /病理学
complicated 形容词	/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/	複雜 /复杂
establish 动词	/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/	確定 /确定
moral 形容词	/ˈmoɹəl/	道德的
anxiety 名词	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	焦慮 /焦虑, 担心
aspect 名词	/ˈæspɛkt/	方面
minority 名词	/maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/	少數 /少数

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
calm down 动词	冷靜下來 /冷静下来, 平靜下來 /平静下来
come along 动词	陪伴, 陪同
drop off 动词	掉落, 落下

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	are socialized · weren't socialized · being stuck
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	someone who was · guys that are · kid who comes
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	who've studied · has really interested

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 44 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, they're, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, psychopath /ˈsaɪkəʊpæθ/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/, psychopathology /ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shine /ʃaɪn/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, provider /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, substance /ˈsʌbstəns/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, moral /ˈmoɹəl/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, prolong /pɹoʊˈlɑŋ/, disagreeable /dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 dependent, attract, aggressive 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: The Worst Form of Immaturity - 通过视频学习英语口语

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

视频中出现的短语动词

视频中的语法

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？