ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Worst Form of Immaturity
เลือกโหมดฝึก
แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
121 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
One of the things that we established when we were looking at the developmental course of maturation, so tell me what you think about this.
2
So it seems to me that a lot of what we see as narcissism is actually something like prolonged immaturity.
3
Now, it's a little more complicated than that.
4
So the little kids that we studied, and this is true of those who've studied little kids in general
5
so there's about five percent of males at the age of two who hit kick bite and steal
6
when you put them with other two-year-olds and they're almost all male
7
and there's only one in 20 and
8
so you could say most two-year-olds aren't psychopathic narcissists by by temperament
9
so these are probably the boys who are disagreeable extroverts by temperament right and so they're competitive,
10
they're pushy, and when they're very young, they're impulsive.
11
Now, most of them are socialized by the age of four.
12
Now, our studies of long-term criminality indicated that it was the minority of
13
that 5% who weren't socialized by the age of four that became the long-term predatory criminals.
14
And it was very difficult to do anything about that after the age four.
15
But that's also made me think more recently that what we're seeing as that narcissistic,
16
predatory parasitism is probably something like a failure of maturation.
17
It's like, rather than being a pathology in and of itself, it's just the maintenance of self-centered immaturity far beyond its expiry date.
18
And so I'm wondering what you think of a formulation like that.
19
I like that idea and that there is an immaturity to narcissism.
20
Just to take it in a little bit of a Freudian direction, it seems you can think,
21
you know, if you think about it in terms of sort of Freud's developmental model,
22
the narcissism is like being stuck in the phallic stage a little bit rather than being stuck in, say, the oral stage or anal
23
So I don't think it's just there can be different types of being immature.
24
I think that- Right, right, right.
25
It's not dependent, for example.
26
Yeah, you're not a dependent, not like, I just need someone to take care of me.
27
I'm 50 years old.
28
It's more, you get stuck in this, like I should say adolescent, this childish, phallic, masculine, I'm going to do this.
29
I'm going to get this.
30
And you get stuck in that.
31
And that model, you know, you can use it as an adult, but it's kind of like you're a little bit of a cartoon.
32
And so that's something I see that it's like you're a cartoon child acting like an adult, like I'm a big deal,
33
like the guys that try to be alpha.
34
And I'm like, yeah, dude.
35
So yeah, I do see.
36
Calm down there, buddy.
37
Yeah, calm down.
38
Come on.
39
So I do see that for sure.
40
But I do think it's sort of one path in development that you don't develop.
41
It's not all the paths.
42
Yeah.
43
Well, I think that's a good distinction because it shines a light on another sociological or psychological phenomena.
44
So one of the things that we see is the rise to a certain type of stardom of people like Andrew Tate.
45
And the Andrew Tate phenomenon has really interested me because I have some sympathy for him.
46
Now it's limited, but it's limited in the way that you just described.
47
So you could imagine that the worst form of immaturity, the most counterproductive form of immaturity would be something like,
48
well, the Freudian oral stage.
49
If we reformulated that in more modern terminology, that would be something like prolonged infantile immaturity.
50
So you're basically stuck as a dependent, right?
51
And so you have no, all your locus of control is external.
52
All you do is whine to get people to deliver to you what you want.
53
Now that's perfectly acceptable if you're six months old, although you could even use smiling at that point and as an invitation.
54
But then you might imagine that if you are stuck at that dependent stage and you have a impulse for maturation,
55
if someone who was more narcissistic and aggressive came along, they would actually look attractive to you because first of all,
56
it would be better to be, it's better to be a narcissistic extrovert than it is to be a dependent infant.
57
That doesn't mean it's good, right?
58
But it does mean that it's better.
59
Yeah.
60
Well, and you can think about that from an evolutionary biological perspective too,
61
because it's definitely the case that manipulative psychopaths can be successful in finding sexual partners.
62
Whereas infantile dependent men, they're just not going anywhere on that side of things because they can't,
63
like no women, virtually no women are attracted to infantile dependent men.
64
some women are attracted to narcissistic blowhards, right?
65
So yeah, is that in keeping with your understanding of the developmental progression?
66
Yeah.
67
I mean, I think it makes sense.
68
And I like how you're saying that.
69
Like, look, dude, it's better to be narcissistic and full of yourself if you're a guy than just be a dependent loser.
70
But that isn't the highest stage of male development isn't being a peacock.
71
It's helping.
72
It's being a provider.
73
It's doing more than that.
74
It's leading a family.
75
It's leading people.
76
But again, it is better to be narcissistic than just dependent.
77
So yeah, it makes sense.
78
Oh, you mentioned Andrew Tate.
79
I'm kind of old for this,
80
but I see a lot of younger guys that are attracted to this more sort of alpha in quotes personality model.
81
And I understand it too, because they're not getting a lot of really good male role models out there.
82
So they see one that looks sort of cartoonish and seems functional
83
and seems to have some agency
84
and seems to be navigating life effectively in a way that would be appealing to a 15-year-old guy.
85
And so I understand it.
86
I just wish we had better role models, you know, but I understand it.
87
It might also be, well, it might also be that there is a a time at which that's actually developmentally appropriate.
88
So, you know, one of the things we found in our analysis of the development of psychopathology, so imagine with teenagers, okay,
89
imagine there's two patterns of, three patterns of living with the rules,
90
say when you're 13 to 15 and you're a male.
91
Now, it also applies to females, but less so because they're not as aggressive.
92
So imagine that you're a 13 to 15-year-old male who never breaks a rule ever.
93
Okay, now imagine you're a 13 to 15-year-old and you break a rule all the time, And then imagine that you're somewhere in the middle.
94
Okay, so that's the whole distribution.
95
Well, the males who never break a rule, they are at higher risk for dependent personality disorder,
96
for depression and anxiety later in life.
97
Now, the ones on the other end of the spectrum are much more at risk for lifetime criminality,
98
let's say, and substance abuse, violence, and all that.
99
So there's pathology associated with both extremes with regards to rules.
100
Now, the kids in the middle, they are going to experiment.
101
And so now you can imagine that if you're a kid who comes from a good home and you're pretty rule oriented,
102
there might well be a time between the ages of 13 and 15 or 16,
103
something like that, where it's actually appropriate for you to admire the rule breakers to some degree,
104
because that's one of the things that pops you out of that childhood dependence on your parents, right?
105
But hopefully you would supersede that as you mature.
106
And that is the pattern for most men, right?
107
I mean, criminality drops off like mad around 25.
108
And so does substance abuse, something like that.
109
And that's often when men who are like men, women like men, four to five years older.
110
And so it makes sense that it's about 25 or so that men start to get their act together.
111
And that's when they take that step beyond the more narcissistic
112
and showy aspects of masculinity and take on these roles
113
that are oriented towards a longer time span and a broader social horizon.
114
What you're making me think of is the classic, you know, Jack Block's work on, you know, drug use in Berkeley back in the 70s.
115
It was the people who didn't use any and used too much that got into trouble.
116
And then there's this golden mean in the middle.
117
And you see that golden mean in a lot of things where you want to have a little edge, but not too much edge.
118
You don't want to be perfectly moral, but you don't want to be immoral.
119
There's always that little bit of edge.
120
And you're right, developmentally, I think it's appropriate for young guys to kind of go to
121
that little darker side for a while, maybe.
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง
AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค
ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง
คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป
ช่องเดียวกัน
C11
Start With Dostoevsky
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Learn How To Write and It Will Change Your Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
How Personality Predicts Success in Different Fields
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2Why You Can't Force Yourself to Do Anything
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1This One Skill Will Change Your Life
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1This Is How You Become More Articulate
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
วิดีโอแนะนำ
C11
86 ประโยค
Why Do We Stay in Relationships That Hurt Us?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
308 ประโยค
The Most Eye Opening 20 Minutes Of Your Life | Jordan Peterson Motivation
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
429 ประโยค
The Secret to Fixing Your Adulthood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
306 ประโยค
Why Nihilism is Taking Over Modern Society
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
198 ประโยค
The Invisible Effects Of Childhood Trauma | World-Leading Physician Gabor Mate
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
67 ประโยค
Why I’m against empathy | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
53 ประโยค
Gabor Maté – Authenticity vs. Attachment
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
214 ประโยค
Fawning: The Survival Strategy That Turns Into Self-Abandonment | Fawning #2
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
69 ประโยค
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
54 ประโยค
When Your Brain Forgets Porn, Something Happens - Dr. Andrew Huberman
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
68 ประโยค
Daddy Issues
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
97 ประโยค
Jordan Peterson - You Need a Routine!
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Worst Form of Immaturity” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: dependent, imagine, narcissistic, male, rule วิดีโอนี้มี 121 ประโยค และ 1511 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 9:16 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 163 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| attract คำกริยา | /əˈtɹækt/ | ดึงดูด |
| aggressive คำคุณศัพท์ | /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ | ก้าวร้าว, ออกตัวแรง |
| alpha คำนาม | /ˈæl.fə/ | แอลฟา |
| substance คำนาม | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | สสาร |
| phenomenon คำนาม | /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ | ปรากฏการณ์ |
| cartoon คำนาม | /kɑɹˈtun/ | การ์ตูน |
| complicated คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | ซับซ้อน |
| anxiety คำนาม | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | ความวิตกกังวล |
| minority คำนาม | /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ | คนกลุ่มน้อย |
| steal คำกริยา | /stiːl/ | ขโมย, ลัก |
| experiment คำนาม | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | การทดลอง |
| spin คำกริยา | /spɪn/ | หมุน, ปั่น |
| indicate คำกริยา | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | บ่งบอก |
| bite คำกริยา | /baɪt/ | กัด |
| disorder คำนาม | /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/ | ความผิดปรกติ, ความผิดปกติ |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | are socialized · weren't socialized · being stuck |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | someone who was · kid who comes · men who are |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | who've studied · has really interested |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 44 ครั้ง เช่น you're, they're, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, psychopath /ˈsaɪkəʊpæθ/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/, psychopathology /ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shine /ʃaɪn/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, substance /ˈsʌbstəns/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, provider /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/, loser /luzɚ/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง attract, aggressive, alpha เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ