تدريب Shadowing: The Worst Form of Immaturity - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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121 جمل
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1
One of the things that we established when we were looking at the developmental course of maturation, so tell me what you think about this.
أحد الأمور التي توصلنا إليها عندما كنا ندرس المسار التنموي للنضج، لذا أخبرني برأيك في هذا الأمر.
2
So it seems to me that a lot of what we see as narcissism is actually something like prolonged immaturity.
لذا يبدو لي أن الكثير مما نعتبره نرجسية هو في الواقع شيء يشبه النضج المتأخر.
3
Now, it's a little more complicated than that.
4
So the little kids that we studied, and this is true of those who've studied little kids in general
5
so there's about five percent of males at the age of two who hit kick bite and steal
6
when you put them with other two-year-olds and they're almost all male
7
and there's only one in 20 and
8
so you could say most two-year-olds aren't psychopathic narcissists by by temperament
9
so these are probably the boys who are disagreeable extroverts by temperament right and so they're competitive,
10
they're pushy, and when they're very young, they're impulsive.
11
Now, most of them are socialized by the age of four.
12
Now, our studies of long-term criminality indicated that it was the minority of
13
that 5% who weren't socialized by the age of four that became the long-term predatory criminals.
14
And it was very difficult to do anything about that after the age four.
15
But that's also made me think more recently that what we're seeing as that narcissistic,
16
predatory parasitism is probably something like a failure of maturation.
17
It's like, rather than being a pathology in and of itself, it's just the maintenance of self-centered immaturity far beyond its expiry date.
18
And so I'm wondering what you think of a formulation like that.
19
I like that idea and that there is an immaturity to narcissism.
20
Just to take it in a little bit of a Freudian direction, it seems you can think,
21
you know, if you think about it in terms of sort of Freud's developmental model,
22
the narcissism is like being stuck in the phallic stage a little bit rather than being stuck in, say, the oral stage or anal
23
So I don't think it's just there can be different types of being immature.
24
I think that- Right, right, right.
25
It's not dependent, for example.
26
Yeah, you're not a dependent, not like, I just need someone to take care of me.
27
I'm 50 years old.
28
It's more, you get stuck in this, like I should say adolescent, this childish, phallic, masculine, I'm going to do this.
29
I'm going to get this.
30
And you get stuck in that.
31
And that model, you know, you can use it as an adult, but it's kind of like you're a little bit of a cartoon.
32
And so that's something I see that it's like you're a cartoon child acting like an adult, like I'm a big deal,
33
like the guys that try to be alpha.
34
And I'm like, yeah, dude.
35
So yeah, I do see.
36
Calm down there, buddy.
37
Yeah, calm down.
38
Come on.
39
So I do see that for sure.
40
But I do think it's sort of one path in development that you don't develop.
41
It's not all the paths.
42
Yeah.
43
Well, I think that's a good distinction because it shines a light on another sociological or psychological phenomena.
44
So one of the things that we see is the rise to a certain type of stardom of people like Andrew Tate.
45
And the Andrew Tate phenomenon has really interested me because I have some sympathy for him.
46
Now it's limited, but it's limited in the way that you just described.
47
So you could imagine that the worst form of immaturity, the most counterproductive form of immaturity would be something like,
48
well, the Freudian oral stage.
49
If we reformulated that in more modern terminology, that would be something like prolonged infantile immaturity.
إذا أعدنا صياغة ذلك بمصطلحات أكثر حداثة، فسيكون شيئًا مثل النضوج الطفولي المطول.
50
So you're basically stuck as a dependent, right?
51
And so you have no, all your locus of control is external.
52
All you do is whine to get people to deliver to you what you want.
53
Now that's perfectly acceptable if you're six months old, although you could even use smiling at that point and as an invitation.
54
But then you might imagine that if you are stuck at that dependent stage and you have a impulse for maturation,
55
if someone who was more narcissistic and aggressive came along, they would actually look attractive to you because first of all,
56
it would be better to be, it's better to be a narcissistic extrovert than it is to be a dependent infant.
57
That doesn't mean it's good, right?
58
But it does mean that it's better.
59
Yeah.
60
Well, and you can think about that from an evolutionary biological perspective too,
61
because it's definitely the case that manipulative psychopaths can be successful in finding sexual partners.
62
Whereas infantile dependent men, they're just not going anywhere on that side of things because they can't,
63
like no women, virtually no women are attracted to infantile dependent men.
64
some women are attracted to narcissistic blowhards, right?
بعض النساء ينجذبن للرجال النرجسيين المتباهين، أليس كذلك؟
65
So yeah, is that in keeping with your understanding of the developmental progression?
66
Yeah.
67
I mean, I think it makes sense.
68
And I like how you're saying that.
69
Like, look, dude, it's better to be narcissistic and full of yourself if you're a guy than just be a dependent loser.
70
But that isn't the highest stage of male development isn't being a peacock.
71
It's helping.
72
It's being a provider.
73
It's doing more than that.
74
It's leading a family.
75
It's leading people.
76
But again, it is better to be narcissistic than just dependent.
77
So yeah, it makes sense.
78
Oh, you mentioned Andrew Tate.
79
I'm kind of old for this,
80
but I see a lot of younger guys that are attracted to this more sort of alpha in quotes personality model.
81
And I understand it too, because they're not getting a lot of really good male role models out there.
82
So they see one that looks sort of cartoonish and seems functional
83
and seems to have some agency
84
and seems to be navigating life effectively in a way that would be appealing to a 15-year-old guy.
85
And so I understand it.
86
I just wish we had better role models, you know, but I understand it.
87
It might also be, well, it might also be that there is a a time at which that's actually developmentally appropriate.
88
So, you know, one of the things we found in our analysis of the development of psychopathology, so imagine with teenagers, okay,
89
imagine there's two patterns of, three patterns of living with the rules,
90
say when you're 13 to 15 and you're a male.
91
Now, it also applies to females, but less so because they're not as aggressive.
92
So imagine that you're a 13 to 15-year-old male who never breaks a rule ever.
93
Okay, now imagine you're a 13 to 15-year-old and you break a rule all the time, And then imagine that you're somewhere in the middle.
94
Okay, so that's the whole distribution.
95
Well, the males who never break a rule, they are at higher risk for dependent personality disorder,
96
for depression and anxiety later in life.
97
Now, the ones on the other end of the spectrum are much more at risk for lifetime criminality,
98
let's say, and substance abuse, violence, and all that.
99
So there's pathology associated with both extremes with regards to rules.
100
Now, the kids in the middle, they are going to experiment.
101
And so now you can imagine that if you're a kid who comes from a good home and you're pretty rule oriented,
102
there might well be a time between the ages of 13 and 15 or 16,
103
something like that, where it's actually appropriate for you to admire the rule breakers to some degree,
104
because that's one of the things that pops you out of that childhood dependence on your parents, right?
105
But hopefully you would supersede that as you mature.
106
And that is the pattern for most men, right?
107
I mean, criminality drops off like mad around 25.
108
And so does substance abuse, something like that.
109
And that's often when men who are like men, women like men, four to five years older.
110
And so it makes sense that it's about 25 or so that men start to get their act together.
111
And that's when they take that step beyond the more narcissistic
112
and showy aspects of masculinity and take on these roles
113
that are oriented towards a longer time span and a broader social horizon.
تتمحور حول نطاق زمني أفق أوسع اجتماعيًا.
114
What you're making me think of is the classic, you know, Jack Block's work on, you know, drug use in Berkeley back in the 70s.
115
It was the people who didn't use any and used too much that got into trouble.
116
And then there's this golden mean in the middle.
117
And you see that golden mean in a lot of things where you want to have a little edge, but not too much edge.
118
You don't want to be perfectly moral, but you don't want to be immoral.
119
There's always that little bit of edge.
120
And you're right, developmentally, I think it's appropriate for young guys to kind of go to
121
that little darker side for a while, maybe.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “The Worst Form of Immaturity”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: dependent, imagine, narcissistic, male, rule. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 121 جملة و1511 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 9:16. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 163 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 84% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، ويُستحسن مراجعة الباقي قبل البدء.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| dependent صفة | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | مُتَوَقِّفْ, مُعْتَمِدْ |
| attract فعل | /əˈtɹækt/ | اِجْتَذَبَ, جَذَبَ |
| aggressive صفة | /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ | عُدْوَانِيّ, هُجُومِيّ |
| oral صفة | /ˈɔː.ɹəl/ | فَمَوِيّ |
| alpha اسم | /ˈæl.fə/ | أَلْفَا |
| substance اسم | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | مَادَّة |
| phenomenon اسم | /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ | ظَاهِرَة |
| cartoon اسم | /kɑɹˈtun/ | كَارِيكَاتِير, كَارِيكَاتُور |
| pathology اسم | /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ | عِلْمُ الأَمْرَاض |
| complicated صفة | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | مُعَقَّد, مُرَكَّب |
| moral صفة | /ˈmoɹəl/ | أَخْلَاقِيّ |
| anxiety اسم | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | قَلَق |
| minority اسم | /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ | أَقَلِّيَّة |
| steal فعل | /stiːl/ | سَرَقَ |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | عِنْدَمَا |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| calm down فعل | أَهْدَأَ, هَدَّأَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | are socialized · weren't socialized · being stuck |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | someone who was · kid who comes · men who are |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | who've studied · has really interested |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 44 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل you're, they're, I'm. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, psychopath /ˈsaɪkəʊpæθ/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/, psychopathology /ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shine /ʃaɪn/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/, developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, provider /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, substance /ˈsʌbstəns/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل dependent, attract, aggressive.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.