शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Worst Form of Immaturity - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
121 वाक्य
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1
One of the things that we established when we were looking at the developmental course of maturation, so tell me what you think about this.
2
So it seems to me that a lot of what we see as narcissism is actually something like prolonged immaturity.
3
Now, it's a little more complicated than that.
4
So the little kids that we studied, and this is true of those who've studied little kids in general
5
so there's about five percent of males at the age of two who hit kick bite and steal
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when you put them with other two-year-olds and they're almost all male
7
and there's only one in 20 and
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so you could say most two-year-olds aren't psychopathic narcissists by by temperament
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so these are probably the boys who are disagreeable extroverts by temperament right and so they're competitive,
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they're pushy, and when they're very young, they're impulsive.
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Now, most of them are socialized by the age of four.
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Now, our studies of long-term criminality indicated that it was the minority of
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that 5% who weren't socialized by the age of four that became the long-term predatory criminals.
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And it was very difficult to do anything about that after the age four.
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But that's also made me think more recently that what we're seeing as that narcissistic,
16
predatory parasitism is probably something like a failure of maturation.
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It's like, rather than being a pathology in and of itself, it's just the maintenance of self-centered immaturity far beyond its expiry date.
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And so I'm wondering what you think of a formulation like that.
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I like that idea and that there is an immaturity to narcissism.
20
Just to take it in a little bit of a Freudian direction, it seems you can think,
21
you know, if you think about it in terms of sort of Freud's developmental model,
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the narcissism is like being stuck in the phallic stage a little bit rather than being stuck in, say, the oral stage or anal
23
So I don't think it's just there can be different types of being immature.
24
I think that- Right, right, right.
25
It's not dependent, for example.
26
Yeah, you're not a dependent, not like, I just need someone to take care of me.
27
I'm 50 years old.
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It's more, you get stuck in this, like I should say adolescent, this childish, phallic, masculine, I'm going to do this.
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I'm going to get this.
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And you get stuck in that.
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And that model, you know, you can use it as an adult, but it's kind of like you're a little bit of a cartoon.
32
And so that's something I see that it's like you're a cartoon child acting like an adult, like I'm a big deal,
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like the guys that try to be alpha.
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And I'm like, yeah, dude.
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So yeah, I do see.
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Calm down there, buddy.
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Yeah, calm down.
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Come on.
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So I do see that for sure.
40
But I do think it's sort of one path in development that you don't develop.
41
It's not all the paths.
42
Yeah.
43
Well, I think that's a good distinction because it shines a light on another sociological or psychological phenomena.
44
So one of the things that we see is the rise to a certain type of stardom of people like Andrew Tate.
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And the Andrew Tate phenomenon has really interested me because I have some sympathy for him.
46
Now it's limited, but it's limited in the way that you just described.
47
So you could imagine that the worst form of immaturity, the most counterproductive form of immaturity would be something like,
48
well, the Freudian oral stage.
49
If we reformulated that in more modern terminology, that would be something like prolonged infantile immaturity.
50
So you're basically stuck as a dependent, right?
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And so you have no, all your locus of control is external.
52
All you do is whine to get people to deliver to you what you want.
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Now that's perfectly acceptable if you're six months old, although you could even use smiling at that point and as an invitation.
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But then you might imagine that if you are stuck at that dependent stage and you have a impulse for maturation,
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if someone who was more narcissistic and aggressive came along, they would actually look attractive to you because first of all,
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it would be better to be, it's better to be a narcissistic extrovert than it is to be a dependent infant.
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That doesn't mean it's good, right?
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But it does mean that it's better.
59
Yeah.
60
Well, and you can think about that from an evolutionary biological perspective too,
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because it's definitely the case that manipulative psychopaths can be successful in finding sexual partners.
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Whereas infantile dependent men, they're just not going anywhere on that side of things because they can't,
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like no women, virtually no women are attracted to infantile dependent men.
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some women are attracted to narcissistic blowhards, right?
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So yeah, is that in keeping with your understanding of the developmental progression?
66
Yeah.
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I mean, I think it makes sense.
68
And I like how you're saying that.
69
Like, look, dude, it's better to be narcissistic and full of yourself if you're a guy than just be a dependent loser.
70
But that isn't the highest stage of male development isn't being a peacock.
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It's helping.
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It's being a provider.
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It's doing more than that.
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It's leading a family.
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It's leading people.
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But again, it is better to be narcissistic than just dependent.
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So yeah, it makes sense.
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Oh, you mentioned Andrew Tate.
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I'm kind of old for this,
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but I see a lot of younger guys that are attracted to this more sort of alpha in quotes personality model.
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And I understand it too, because they're not getting a lot of really good male role models out there.
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So they see one that looks sort of cartoonish and seems functional
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and seems to have some agency
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and seems to be navigating life effectively in a way that would be appealing to a 15-year-old guy.
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And so I understand it.
86
I just wish we had better role models, you know, but I understand it.
87
It might also be, well, it might also be that there is a a time at which that's actually developmentally appropriate.
88
So, you know, one of the things we found in our analysis of the development of psychopathology, so imagine with teenagers, okay,
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imagine there's two patterns of, three patterns of living with the rules,
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say when you're 13 to 15 and you're a male.
91
Now, it also applies to females, but less so because they're not as aggressive.
92
So imagine that you're a 13 to 15-year-old male who never breaks a rule ever.
93
Okay, now imagine you're a 13 to 15-year-old and you break a rule all the time, And then imagine that you're somewhere in the middle.
94
Okay, so that's the whole distribution.
95
Well, the males who never break a rule, they are at higher risk for dependent personality disorder,
96
for depression and anxiety later in life.
97
Now, the ones on the other end of the spectrum are much more at risk for lifetime criminality,
98
let's say, and substance abuse, violence, and all that.
99
So there's pathology associated with both extremes with regards to rules.
100
Now, the kids in the middle, they are going to experiment.
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And so now you can imagine that if you're a kid who comes from a good home and you're pretty rule oriented,
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there might well be a time between the ages of 13 and 15 or 16,
103
something like that, where it's actually appropriate for you to admire the rule breakers to some degree,
104
because that's one of the things that pops you out of that childhood dependence on your parents, right?
105
But hopefully you would supersede that as you mature.
106
And that is the pattern for most men, right?
107
I mean, criminality drops off like mad around 25.
108
And so does substance abuse, something like that.
109
And that's often when men who are like men, women like men, four to five years older.
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And so it makes sense that it's about 25 or so that men start to get their act together.
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And that's when they take that step beyond the more narcissistic
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and showy aspects of masculinity and take on these roles
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that are oriented towards a longer time span and a broader social horizon.
114
What you're making me think of is the classic, you know, Jack Block's work on, you know, drug use in Berkeley back in the 70s.
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It was the people who didn't use any and used too much that got into trouble.
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And then there's this golden mean in the middle.
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And you see that golden mean in a lot of things where you want to have a little edge, but not too much edge.
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You don't want to be perfectly moral, but you don't want to be immoral.
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There's always that little bit of edge.
120
And you're right, developmentally, I think it's appropriate for young guys to kind of go to
121
that little darker side for a while, maybe.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “The Worst Form of Immaturity” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: dependent, imagine, narcissistic, male, rule। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 121 वाक्य और 1511 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 9:16 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 163 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| dependent विशेषण | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | आश्रित, निर्भर |
| aggressive विशेषण | /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ | आक्रमणकारक, जंगी |
| alpha संज्ञा | /ˈæl.fə/ | अल्फ़ा |
| substance संज्ञा | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | पदार्थ, वस्तु |
| phenomenon संज्ञा | /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ | परिघटना, दृग्विषय |
| pathology संज्ञा | /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ | विकृतिविज्ञान |
| complicated विशेषण | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | जटिल, पेचीदा |
| establish क्रिया | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | स्थापना |
| moral विशेषण | /ˈmoɹəl/ | नैतिक |
| anxiety संज्ञा | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | चिंता, परेशानी |
| aspect संज्ञा | /ˈæspɛkt/ | पक्ष |
| minority संज्ञा | /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ | अवयस्कता, नाबालिग़पन |
| steal क्रिया | /stiːl/ | चुराना |
| lifetime संज्ञा | /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/ | ज़िंदगी, जिंदगी |
| experiment संज्ञा | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | प्रयोग, तजुर्बा |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| come along क्रिया | साथ चलना, साथ आना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are socialized · weren't socialized · being stuck |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | someone who was · kid who comes · men who are |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | who've studied · has really interested |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 44 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे you're, they're, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/, psychopath /ˈsaɪkəʊpæθ/, psychopathic /ˌsaɪkoʊˈpæθɪk/, psychopathology /ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, shine /ʃaɪn/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: developmental /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, invitation /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/, loser /luzɚ/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: steal /stiːl/, spin /spɪn/, spectrum /ˈspɛktɹəm/, stardom /ˈstɑɹdəm/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर dependent, aggressive, alpha जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।