シャドーイング練習: Why Do We Stay in Relationships That Hurt Us? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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86 文
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Most people who stay in relationships that are hurting them aren't confused about it.
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They know something is wrong.
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They've thought about leaving.
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They probably told themselves they were going to leave.
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And then they didn't.
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And from the outside, that looks like a choice that doesn't make sense.
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But the psychology behind it is a lot more complicated than just, why don't you leave?
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And understanding it says, something pretty uncomfortable about how human beings are wired.
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The first piece of this is attachment theory, which actually begins in the first few years of your life,
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long before any adult relationship enters the picture.
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When you're an infant, you form an attachment style based on how your caregivers respond to you.
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If your needs were met consistently, if comfort arrived when you needed it, if the people around you were reliable,
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you likely developed what psychologists call a secure attachment style.
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You learned that relationships are safe, that people can be trusted, that closeness isn't dangerous.
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But if your early environment was inconsistent, if comfort sometimes arrived and sometimes didn't,
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if the people around you were warm sometimes and distant or frightening other times, you developed an anxious or avoidant attachment style instead.
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And here's the key thing.
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Those patterns don't stay in childhood.
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They follow you directly into your adult relationships.
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Someone with an anxious attachment style tends to crave closeness intensely, fear abandonment deeply, and stay in relationships well past the point they should
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because the threat of being alone feels worse than the reality of being unhappy.
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And because a relationship that is unpredictable and inconsistent actually feels familiar to them in a way that a stable, healthy relationship sometimes doesn't.
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Then there's the sunk cost fallacy, which is one of the most well -documented cognitive biases in psychology
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and one of the most brutal when it shows up in relationships.
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The sunk cost fallacy is the tendency to keep investing in something that's clearly failing, driven entirely by how much you've already put in.
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You finish a movie you hate because you've already watched half of it.
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You stay at a job that's making you miserable because you've been there for years.
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The logic is, I've put too much in to walk away now, even when walking away would clearly be the better choice.
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In relationships, this gets enormously complicated because what you've invested goes far beyond time.
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It's memories, emotional labour, years of your life, plans you built together, a version of your future that involved this person.
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Leaving means losing all of that the relationship, the history, the identity you built inside it, and the belief that the time you gave meant something.
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So people stay because leaving feels like admitting that everything they invested was wasted.
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And that particular loss is one the brain resists very strongly.
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But probably the most misunderstood piece of all of this is trauma bonding, because it's the one that looks most irrational from the outside
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and makes the most sense once you understand the psychology underneath it.
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Trauma bonding happens in relationships with a specific pattern, cycles of tension, harm and then relief.
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The relationship isn't consistently bad.
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If it were, leaving would be easier.
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What makes it so hard to leave is the alternation.
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The periods where things are bad, followed by periods where things are good again, followed by bad again, followed by good.
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The apology after the fight, the kindness that follows the cruelty, the version of the person who shows up after the version who hurts you.
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Psychologists call this intermittent reinforcement and it is one of the most powerful forces in behavioral psychology.
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The brain doesn't bond most strongly to things that reward it consistently.
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It bonds most strongly to things that reward it unpredictably.
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A slot machine keeps people playing because it pays out sometimes.
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Randomly, unpredictably, just enough to keep you pulling the lever.
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Consistent rewards would actually make it less addictive.
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A relationship that is sometimes wonderful and sometimes terrible creates the same neurological pull.
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The good moments hit harder precisely because they're surrounded by bad ones.
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And the brain locks onto those good moments, keeps returning to them, keeps chasing them.
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Because the relief of the good after the bad is one of the most intense emotional experiences humans can have.
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This is why people in these relationships often describe being unable to leave even when they want to.
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The bond runs below logic, it's neurological.
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There's also the identity question, which doesn't get talked about enough.
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When you've been in a relationship for a long time, especially one that's involved control or emotional manipulation,
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your sense of who you are can become deeply intertwined with the relationship itself.
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You stop knowing clearly what you think, what you want, what you value outside of this dynamic,
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because over time those things were gradually defined for you by someone else.
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This is sometimes called the loss of authentic self, and it means that leaving can feel genuinely disorienting on top of being painful,
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because the relationship has become so much of how you understand yourself that you don't fully know who you'd be without it.
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Leaving would require rebuilding an identity that's been slowly eroded, sometimes over years.
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And that's a task that feels enormous when you're already exhausted.
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And then underneath all of this is something even more fundamental,
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which is that the brain experiences social rejection and loss using many of the same neural pathways as physical pain.
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Loneliness is not a metaphor.
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A threat of losing a relationship activates the same alarm systems as a physical threat to your safety.
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Which means that for someone with an anxious attachment style
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or someone who has been made to feel over time that they are lucky to be loved at all,
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the prospect of leaving can trigger a genuine fear response.
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Something that feels less like, this would be sad and closer to, I will not survive this.
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Rational arguments don't reach
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that place knowing something is bad for you doesn't automatically override a fear response that's running at that level.
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The people who ask, why don't you just leave, are usually asking from a place that has never experienced that particular fear at that particular intensity.
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And if they had, they'd understand why the answer isn't simple.
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So why do people stay in relationships that are bad for them?
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Because their attachment system was formed in an environment that may in consistency feel like home.
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Because leaving means surrendering everything they've already invested because the cycle of bad
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and good has created a bond that isn't about logic,
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because their identity has become so wrapped up in their relationship that leaving means not knowing who they are, and because the fear of loss is,
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for a lot of people, genuinely one of the most activating experiences the nervous system can produce.
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Understanding the psychology doesn't excuse the relationship, it just makes clear that the people inside these situations aren't failing to see something obvious.
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They are caught inside a set of mechanisms that are genuinely very difficult to override.
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Mechanisms that, in other contexts, are the same ones that make humans capable of deep loyalty, strong attachment and lasting love.
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The same wiring that makes us bond so deeply is the wiring that makes it so hard to let go.
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Subscribe if this explains something you couldn't quite put words to before.
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I'll see you in the next one.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Why Do We Stay in Relationships That Hurt Us?」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：relationship, leaving, attachment, psychology, bond。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が86文、単語が1253語あります。 音声の長さは6:44です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約186語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| psychology 名詞 | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | 心理学, サイコロジー |
| invest 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | 投入する |
| deeply 副詞 | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | 深く |
| wire 名詞 | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | 針金, 線 |
| reward 名詞 | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | 見返り, 賞 |
| anxious 形容詞 | /ˈæŋkʃəs/ | 心配した |
| complicated 形容詞 | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | 複雑な |
| comfort 名詞 | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | 快適さ |
| arrive 動詞 | /əˈɹaɪv/ | 着く, 到着する |
| mechanism 名詞 | /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ | 仕組み, 機構 |
| sink 動詞 | /ˈsɪŋk/ | 沈む |
| trauma 名詞 | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | 外傷, 損傷 |
| psychologist 名詞 | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | 心理学者 |
| stable 名詞 | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | 馬小屋, 厩舎 |
| belief 名詞 | /bɪˈliːf/ | 確信 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| show up 動詞 | 現れる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | If it were, leaving would be · if they had, they'd understand |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | They've thought · you've already put · you've already watched |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are wired · were met · can be trusted |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | people who stay · fallacy, which is · person who shows |
注意したい発音
話し手はdoesn't, don't, you'veなど、短縮形や弱形を34回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: strongly /ˈstɹɔŋli/, reliable /ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/, alarm /əˈlɑɹm/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, precisely /pɹɪˈsaɪs.li/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, confused /kənˈfjuːzd/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, painful /ˈpeɪn.fl̩/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。psychology, invest, deeplyなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。