Pratica di Shadowing: 2012: SpaceX: Elon Musk's race to space - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
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60 Minutes Rewind In the history of spaceflight,
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only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back to the Earth.
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The United States, Russia, China, and Elon Musk.
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Mr. Musk is a wealthy internet entrepreneur who has vowed to revolutionize space exploration by bringing down the astronomical costs.
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And that can't happen fast enough for NASA,
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which retired the shuttle last summer and now has to pay its old rival Russia to fly American astronauts into space.
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Musk is one of the contenders vying for a NASA contract to build America's next manned spacecraft,
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a contest he believes he has the right stuff to win.
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When the final shuttle mission ended last July, for the first time in three decades, the United States had no way to launch astronauts into space.
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It was the end of one era and the beginning of another.
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Instead of NASA designing the next manned spacecraft, the White House decided that private industry should design,
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build and fly it, opening space to commercial development.
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One of the companies vying for that contract is SpaceX.
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Elon Musk is the founder and CEO.
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What we are experiencing at this moment in time, the turning point in man's reach for space,
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going from governments to private companies like yours?
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I think we're at the dawn of a new era, and I think it's going to be very exciting.
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What we're hoping to do with SpaceX is to push the envelope
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and provide a reason for people to be excited and inspired to be human.
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Musk is 40 years old, a naturalized American citizen, and reportedly worth nearly $2 billion.
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He isn't your typical corporate CEO.
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As a teenager, he wrote computer games in his native South Africa before immigrating to the U.S and to Silicon Valley,
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where he was one of the most successful internet entrepreneurs, the co-founder of PayPal.
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Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Elon Musk!
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Despite a chorus of skeptics,
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Musk built a car company called Tesla called Tesla that turns out 5,000 high-end all-electric cars a year.
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Another Musk company sells solar power systems.
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But his lifelong passion is space.
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And when eBay bought PayPal in 2002, Musk started looking for ways to launch his new fortune into orbit.
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I went to Russia to look at buying a refurbished ICBM, which is a very trippy experience.
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It was very bizarre.
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And when I tell people that, they're like, what?
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Musk made three trips to Russia trying to buy an intercontinental ballistic missile called the Dnieper.
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His plan was bizarre.
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Put a greenhouse on the rocket, landed on Mars, and beamed back the pictures.
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It would get people really excited, and that would recharge human space exploration.
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That was my original idea.
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You just wanted to get people interested in space again?
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Yes.
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Capture the imagination?
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Yes.
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That was the idea.
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Turns out the Dnieper was so expensive his idea never flew
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so musk decided that the only way to get an affordable rocket was to build it himself
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and he started spacex the odds of me coming into the
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rocket business not knowing anything about rockets not having ever built anything i mean i would have to be insane
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if i thought the odds are in my favor why even begin
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when something is important enough you do it even though the It's not in your favor.
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How much of your personal fortune have you poured into this?
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A hundred million dollars.
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A hundred million dollars into something that you did not believe would work at the beginning.
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Yes.
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Musk truly believes that low-cost space exploration is essential to the survival of mankind.
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I think it's important that humanity become a multi-planet species.
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I think most people would agree that a future where we are a spacefaring civilization is inspiring and exciting
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compared with one where we are forever confined to Earth until some eventual extinction event.
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That's really why I started SpaceX.
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SpaceX is housed in a sprawling factory near Los Angeles where fuselages for Boeing 747s used to be built.
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From its beginning ten years ago, its goal has been revolutionary change in rocket and spacecraft manufacturing.
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Now, tell me, what's that big piece right up there?
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That's the second stage of a Falcon 9 rocket.
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Instead of multiple companies building parts all across the country, SpaceX builds most of its rockets and spacecraft in-house,
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based on Musk's belief that it's more efficient and lowers costs.
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1,400 engineers and skilled technicians work here, building engines, rockets, space capsules,
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creating mostly from scratch the thousands of components that are the guts of a rocket.
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So what that means is raw metal comes in and then we build the engines,
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the airframe, the electronics and we integrate all of that together and that's all done more or less under one roof.
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Metal comes in one end of this factory, spaceships come out the other.
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Final assembly takes place at the Cape Canaveral launch pad.
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If the margin is there and we don't have margin to the fourth power, that's fine.
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Musk has college degrees in business and physics, but SpaceX is his first venture in aerospace.
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He bills himself as chief designer and chief technology officer.
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How did you get the expertise to be the chief technology officer of a rocket ship company?
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Well, I do have a physics background.
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That's helpful as a foundation.
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And then I read a lot of books and talked to a lot of smart people.
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You're self-taught?
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Yeah.
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Well, self-taught, yes, meaning I don't have an aerospace degree.
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So how did you go about acquiring the knowledge?
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Well, like I said, I read a lot of books, talked to a lot of people, and have a great team.
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His team is a mixture.
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There are newcomers, mostly 30-something engineers, some of them straight out of college, and then there are the skilled technicians
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and aerospace veterans former NASA astronaut Garrett Reisman spent three months aboard the space station
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and flew on one of the final shuttle missions.
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He was brought in to help oversee the company's manned space work.
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You know, I'm curious, you have so much background in engineering.
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You could have easily gotten a job at Boeing or at Lockheed, but you came here.
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If you had a chance to go back in time and work with Howard Hughes when he was creating TWA,
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If you had a chance to be there at that moment when it was the dawn of a brand new era, wouldn't you want to do that?
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I mean, that's why I'm here.
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And that's why most of the engineers we met are here.
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Building spaceships is the chance of a lifetime.
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If you reach the point of having a successful manned flight, what will you have proven?
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We're not doing it to prove anything.
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You know, we know it can be done.
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We're just trying to do it a little bit differently, a little bit faster and to push the fence a little bit farther out.
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And then we can all go, I mean, I want to go into space.
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I assume most people here do as well.
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How many want to ride?
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Uh-huh, okay.
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Everybody wants to go.
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I'm not so sure.
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Four, three, two, one.
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Four years after starting, SpaceX rolled out its first rocket, an unmanned booster called the Falcon 1.
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Falcon has cleared the tower.
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But the first three test flights failed to reach orbit.
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We are hearing from the launch control center that there has been an anomaly on the vehicle.
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When you had that third failure in a row, did you think, I need to pack this in?
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Never.
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Why not?
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I don't ever give up.
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I mean, I'd have to be dead or completely incapacitated.
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It turned out that the third failure was caused by a two-second glitch in the timing.
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Eight weeks later, Musk bet the company on another flight.
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We have liftoff.
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And this time around, everything worked.
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Perfect.
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If that fourth launch hadn't worked, that would have been it.
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We would have not had the resources to mount a fifth.
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You couldn't have gone out at that point?
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Yes, death would have been, I think, inevitable because we did not have the resources to mount a fifth launch.
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This is a tricky business.
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It's tricky.
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Yeah, I wish it wasn't so hard.
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The story will continue after this.
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In 2010, SpaceX tested a larger,
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more powerful nine-engine rocket called the Falcon 9 and an unmanned cargo capsule known as Dragon.
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It was the first privately developed rocket designed to carry cargo and eventually astronauts to the space station.
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MBAC ignition confirmed.
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3.2 kilometers per second.
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In its first test flight, the Dragon capsule performed flawlessly, orbiting the Earth twice before splashdown in the Pacific,
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the first time a private company had launched and recovered its own spacecraft.
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And this is a historic spacecraft?
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It is, yeah.
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We came across the Dragon capsule while Musk was showing us around.
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You know what I noticed about your cargo ship is that it has windows.
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Yeah, absolutely.
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The windows are there in case there's an astronaut on board who wants to look out.
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But people don't put windows in cargo ships.
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That's right, exactly.
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So what that tells me is that this was never intended to be only a cargo ship.
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No, the Dragon was always designed to carry astronauts.
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Musk says a manned version of the Dragon capsule will be safer than the space shuttle and a lot cheaper.
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Engineers are already designing escape rockets, life support equipment, and computer guidance systems.
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They were studying seating for seven when we were there.
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Do you believe
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that your rocket will be the next american rocket to take an astronaut into space i believe
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that is the most likely outcome yes
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that sort of confidence has not exactly endeared him to the space establishment
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or to his competitors there are people who've been in the rocketry business for decades yeah who say about you
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that you don't know
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what you don't know well i suppose that's true of anyone how can anyone know what they don't know
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when critics say you can't do this your answer to them
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is we've done it he's done it in partnership with nasa
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which has given spacex technical advice
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and a contract worth up to 1.6 billion dollars mostly for 12 cargo flights to the space station
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but spacex's lack of experience bothers some nasa legends like Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong and Gene Cernan.
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They've testified to Congress that the Obama administration's drive to commercialize space could compromise safety and eventually cost the taxpayers.
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Now is the time to overrule this administration's pledge to mediocrity.
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You know, there are American heroes who don't like this idea.
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Neil Armstrong, Gene Cernan have both testified against commercial spaceflight in the way that you're developing it.
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And I wonder what you think of that.
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I was very sad to see that because those guys are, yeah, you know, those guys are heroes of mine, so it's really tough.
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You know, I wish they would come and visit and see the hardware that we're doing here.
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And I think that would change their mind.
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They inspired you to do this, didn't they?
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Yes.
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and to see them casting stones in your direction?
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It's difficult.
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Did you expect them to cheer you on?
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So they're hoping they would.
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What are you trying to prove to them?
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What I'm trying to do is to make a significant difference in spaceflight and help make spaceflight accessible to almost anyone.
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And I would hope for as much support in that direction as we can receive.
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President Obama made his support clear when he visited SpaceX's launch site just before Falcon 9's first test flight.
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As this animation shows, Elon Musk's next flight will be far more ambitious, carrying cargo all the way to the space station.
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It was scheduled to fly in February, but it's taken longer than expected to perfect the flight software.
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The flight will be a complicated rendezvous with a space station that is moving 17,000 miles an hour, 240 miles above the Earth.
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Okay, so it looks like our burn performance is nominal.
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In the SpaceX mission control, flight simulations are continuing.
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And if all goes well, SpaceX will begin routine space station cargo deliveries later this year.
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But the big prize is winning the NASA contract to build America's next manned spacecraft.
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and Elon Musk is facing stiff competition.
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I'm probably not the guy that most people would bet on. Who wins?
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It's like a little kid fighting a bunch of sumo wrestlers.
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Usually the sumo wrestlers win.
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We're a little scrappy company.
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Every now and again, a little scrappy company wins.
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And I think this will be one of those times.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “2012: SpaceX: Elon Musk's race to space”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: space, musk, rocket, spacex, flight. Questo video contiene 190 frasi e 2151 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 14:30. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 148 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 79% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| musk sostantivo | /mʌsk/ | muschio |
| astronaut sostantivo | /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ | astronauta |
| cargo sostantivo | /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ | carico |
| spacecraft sostantivo | /ˈspeɪsˌkɹæft/ | spazionave |
| capsule sostantivo | /ˈkæps(ə)l/ | capsula |
| shuttle sostantivo | /ˈʃʌtəl/ | navetta, spoletta |
| orbit sostantivo | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | orbita |
| aerospace sostantivo | /ˈɛɹ.oʊˌspeɪs/ | aerospazio |
| inspire verbo | /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ | ispirare |
| exploration sostantivo | /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/ | esplorazione |
| excite verbo | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | stimolare, eccitare |
| spaceship sostantivo | nave spaziale, astronave | |
| sumo sostantivo | /ˈsuːməʊ/ | sumo |
| vie verbo | /vaɪ/ | competere, gareggiare |
| wrestler sostantivo | lottatore |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| turn out verbo | risultare |
| come across verbo | dare l'impressione, avere l'aria |
| give up verbo | arrendersi |
| look out verbo | fare attenzione, stare attento |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- And when I tell people that, they're like, what?
- You couldn't have gone out at that point?
- They inspired you to do this, didn't they?
- Did you expect them to cheer you on?
- What are you trying to prove to them?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi condizionali if + frase, will/would + verbo — una condizione e il suo risultato | if all goes well, SpaceX will begin |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have launched · has vowed · has been |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is housed · was brought · can be done |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 35 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, we're, I'm. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: shuttle /ˈʃʌtəl/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/, fuselage /ˈfjuːzəˌlɑːʒ/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, anomaly /əˈnɑ.mə.li/, astronomical /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: musk /mʌsk/, astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/, spacecraft /ˈspeɪsˌkɹæft/, orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/, aerospace /ˈɛɹ.oʊˌspeɪs/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/, spacecraft /ˈspeɪsˌkɹæft/, capsule /ˈkæps(ə)l/, scrappy /ˈskɹæpi/, unmanned /ʌnˈmænd/
- /ŋ/ finale — senza pronunciare la /g/: spacefaring /ˈspeɪsfæɹɪŋ/, lifelong /ˈlaɪf.lɔːŋ/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come musk, astronaut, cargo.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.