Pratica di Shadowing: Freedom from fatness: Why GLP-1s go after Black bodies | Code Switch - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Scegli una modalità di pratica
Ogni modalità apre una sala di pratica a schermo intero.
529 frasi
Se le frasi sono troppo corte o troppo lunghe, clicca su Edit per modificarle.
1
Support for this NPR podcast and the following message come from Carvana.
2
Selling your car?
3
Carvana has offers so good they're almost inexplicable.
4
Sell your car 100% online in minutes.
5
Visit Carvana.com today.
6
Hey everyone, you're listening to Code Switch from NPR.
7
I'm B.A.
8
Parker.
9
And I'm Gene Dunby.
10
Gene, I got a personal question to ask you.
11
Uh-oh.
12
What does your algorithm look like?
13
You mean like on IG, like Instagram?
14
Yeah.
15
What does it look like?
16
A lot of sports.
17
Yeah.
18
A lot of politics, a lot of news, some cooking stuff.
19
Why?
20
Why are you in my business?
21
This is like a deeply personal question.
22
Like you guys have some social security numbers.
23
I warned you beforehand, but like mine is a lot of that, but it's also a lot of like black body positivity.
24
Okay.
25
Lots of like Reiki healers.
26
Okay.
27
Because you are witchy.
28
That's kind of your thing.
29
Um, but overwhelmingly, GLP-1 ads.
30
Okay, so I guess before we even go any further, we should do X minus a comma.
31
What is a GLP-1?
32
A GLP-1 is a medication that was initially geared towards people who had diabetes.
33
It's supposed to control sugar.
34
But over the past couple of years, it has, like, evolved into a weight loss drug.
35
And now it's just everywhere.
36
Are you getting the GLP-1 ads on your Instagram feed, on your socials?
37
because you follow this body positivity stuff?
38
Like, is that, they're saying, oh, you like this, then we're going to slide you this thing.
39
Is that what it is?
40
You think the algorithm was like, do you love yourself?
41
How do we stop that?
42
How do we stop that and monetize your self-loathing?
43
Exactly.
44
And the thing that's really been haunting me about these ads is
45
that it feels like almost all of them feature Black women.
46
Like, there's the obvious one, Roe, which has Serena Williams as its spokesperson.
47
GOP One's helped me lose 31 pounds.
48
One app to hit my goals.
49
This is healthcare.
50
This is Roe.
51
I'm Serena Williams, and I'm a real Roe member.
52
Oh, oh no. And I saw one the other day that was an AI banana being chased by the cops.
53
There's an AI GOP One?
54
There's a lot of AI ads for GLP-1s.
55
We live in a dystopian hell.
56
Oh my God.
57
And at the end, there's an AI black woman getting her GLP-1 delivered.
58
Like even when I left the office the other day, there was a massive billboard in the middle of Times Square of an older, bigger black woman.
59
And in giant words, it says, obesity medication is now covered by Medicare.
60
I feel like I'm living in an alternate reality.
61
Yeah, it's dark.
62
And I'm getting these ads at the same time as all this chatter is happening around Lizzo's body and Ariana Grande's body.
63
And it just feels like we're in such a different place when it comes to weight loss discourse.
64
So I've reached out to Sabrina Strings.
65
She's the author of Fearing the Black Body, a book about the racial origins of fatphobia.
66
And she actually has a theory as to why all these ads are specifically targeting black women
67
and why we can't stop body shaming.
68
I'm so amped to listen.
69
Let's go.
70
This message comes from NPR sponsor Carvana.
71
Carvana believes selling your car should be easy.
72
Get a real offer down to the penny picked up from your driveway.
73
You may keep waiting for a catch.
74
There isn't one.
75
Sell today at Carvana dot com.
76
Pickup fees may apply.
77
This message comes from WISE, the smart way to manage your money around the world.
78
With WISE, you can send, spend, and receive money in over 40 currencies at the mid-market rate.
79
Learn more at WISE.com.
80
T's and C's apply.
81
Support for NPR and the following message come from FX's The Drop, a snowfall saga.
82
Wanda and Leon are back, but this time they're chasing a different kind of legacy.
83
As West Coast rap begins to take over 90s Los Angeles, Wanda is betting on a new generation of artists ready to make a name for themselves in hip-hop.
84
But in a city where every opportunity comes with a price, they'll have to decide what they're willing to risk to leave their mark.
85
FX's The Drop premieres September 8th on FX and Hulu.
86
This message comes from Mint Mobile.
87
If you're tired of spending hundreds on big wireless bills, bogus fees, and free perks, Mint Mobile is for you.
88
Shop plans at mintmobile.com slash switch.
89
Taxes and fees extra.
90
See Mint Mobile for details.
91
I spoke with Sabrina Strings, author of Fearing the Black Body, which hones in on the racist origins of fatphobia.
92
And while the algorithm continues to sell me GLP-1 ads, Sabrina says this kind of conversation has always been in the background.
93
My algorithm knows that I'm like a fat black woman in America.
94
And so, like, they know the kind of content I'm reading about.
95
I'm reading about, like, fat liberation.
96
I'm reading about all that kind of stuff.
97
But then in between all those, like, every other ad is a GLP-1 ad on my social media.
98
I mean, it's just always been in the cultural conversation, these, like, like weight loss tools.
99
Like when I was a kid, it was SlimFast.
100
There was, you know, Snackwell's, Olestra, in the chips.
101
And so I'm curious, when did you start hearing about GLP-1s as a weight loss tool?
102
I didn't start hearing about it until 2023.
103
And it's because of the fact that by that time, its usage had exploded.
104
Consider the fact that this is a drug that was only approved for weight loss and the tail end of 2021.
105
And within 18 months, it became a buzzword in the United States.
106
And that's not just because it exists for weight loss.
107
That's because of the tremendous marketing that tells people losing weight is healthy.
108
It wasn't until working on this story that I started realizing just how much of the marketing
109
for weight loss and all this stuff was targeted towards Black women.
110
Oh, right.
111
It starts to feel so cynical, even sinister.
112
What a lot of these semaglutide manufacturers are doing is that they're making Black women the face of the drug.
113
You know what?
114
Black people have had limited access to healthcare, but you can get access to this weight loss drug, right?
115
And so in this way, all of the ways in which Black people have suffered
116
within the field of medicine can be rectified through access to weight loss drugs.
117
I'm like, no, no, no. Weight loss is not reparations.
118
What we need is compassion and care and the understanding that people can be healthy at any size.
119
A shot is so much easier than giving compassion.
120
Well, then you have to train yourself not to stigmatize others, right?
121
And so you have to let go of your notions of superiority.
122
There's so many reasons why people shame.
123
Yeah.
124
There's this concept behind the ads that's always like, you deserve to feel great in your body,
125
which is to say that a fat person doesn't feel great in their body,
126
doesn't feel nimble, doesn't feel like they have the capacity to feel content in a larger body.
127
Yeah.
128
And just like notice what all is being piled on there, because the main thing that they keep trying to convince us is
129
that weight loss is somehow going to contribute to better health outcomes.
130
But then they also frayed a bunch of other stuff on top of it.
131
They're like, not only will you have better health outcomes, but you'll be more confident.
132
You'll feel more sexy.
133
You'll be able to move.
134
It's like, well, how is it that you as a company
135
that is selling us a weight loss drug is telling us about our self-esteem and our confidence.
136
Those things don't come from transforming our bodies, especially not by trying to shrink them.
137
But we have been so convinced, I think, as a society that there's a consumer solution to everything.
138
That in an ad, it might make perfect sense to tell people, all you have to do is pay us money.
139
We'll change your body.
140
And by changing your body, you will have confidence.
141
I mean, I'm like, I'm already sexy.
142
I'm already confident.
143
I already feel great.
144
But then I was like, you're so brave.
145
Oh, gosh.
146
You're so brave to love yourself.
147
And I think just to give people a small amount of grace on that, I think people who are saying this are themselves terrified of the way in
148
which they may have been treated in the past, perhaps are still treated, maybe the way in which they've treated others, right?
149
Because they understand the social rules and they think that
150
if you can meet them you must
151
because to refuse to do this thing is to set yourself up inevitably to be denigrated in public.
152
It did surprise me precisely how swiftly GLP-1s were able to,
153
I want to say, dominate the conversation surrounding body size.
154
Partially because- Really?
155
I mean, it felt like a different moment, right?
156
It was the age of body positivity on social media.
157
It was the age of people talking about fat liberation.
158
It was a period in which more
159
and more people were starting to write books about the history and ongoing trajectory of fatphobia.
160
You had Ashley Graham, you had Lizzo, you had all of these people who were like,
161
I'm thick or like whatever thick means i'm bigger and isn't
162
that fabulous but like what happened the reality is
163
that there's those people are still there but we have to keep in mind
164
that glp ones constitute a multi-billion dollar industry right for novo nordisk specifically
165
when you look at their market capitalization their business is worth hundreds of billions of dollars
166
And I don't think it's any secret that Ozempic is their flagship product.
167
When you have that kind of money, you have a tremendous amount of power and you can seed ads everywhere.
168
Like you said, your whole algorithm is supposed to be about body liberation and somehow Ozempic ads are still getting in there.
169
So you will have the ability to be able to change the conversation by the sheer force of your money.
170
Hmm.
171
But then, how do we reckon with someone like Lizzo publicly losing weight?
172
Or Serena Williams, who for a lot of people,
173
including myself, admired her curvaceous figure becoming a spokesperson for GLP-1s?
174
Yeah.
175
I'll start with Lizzo because I feel like her case is a little bit different from Serena's.
176
The situation with Lizzo was not just that she was a fat Black woman, but that her brand for so long was I'm fat, I'm black, I'm a badass bitch.
177
I'm sexy.
178
I move my body.
179
I drop it low.
180
I mean, it's like, these were the things that made people go up.
181
Everybody was like, yes, people were craving that.
182
We wanted to be able to see someone stand up in their power and not feel like they had to shrink themselves.
183
So the difficulty with Lizzo was not that she lost weight
184
because any individual choosing to lose weight is their own personal business, right?
185
If we believe in body liberation, we have to believe in bodily autonomy, right?
186
But if you're standing on the idea that you have the right to be as thick as you are, right, and then you start losing weight,
187
and not only that, you have an athleisure brand in which you make the titular product some type of body slimming,
188
body shaping, yeah, corsetry, then people are going to start to look sideways.
189
Because it's like, wait, wait, wait, this is the exact opposite of what you have been telling us for so long.
190
When she was bigger, she was literally naked on her album cover.
191
She's always been this just gregarious figure who loves herself.
192
But it's just like, oh, I feel slightly betrayed.
193
And I think that's the thing.
194
So people don't really know now if they're still fans of her.
195
They don't really know what her message is anymore.
196
And to me, that's a little bit different from Serena Williams.
197
The way in which their cases are similar, in my view, is that each of them are Black women who have been the public eye, who have been shamed, stigmatized,
198
degraded repeatedly, and called too big.
199
And even if you love yourself, even if you're happy with your size, even if you have a wonderful community, I'm sure it still hurts to have to see that in public all the time.
200
That was something that Serena Williams had been talking about since the 90s.
201
Right.
202
And so for Serena Williams, when she decided to take the weight loss drugs, it felt, I think, just based on the ways in
203
which she was presenting it as a way for her to escape the shaming.
204
So like, wait, I finally did the thing that people told me I was supposed to do.
205
And so even though we champion these black women, even though they are powerful, they are still being subjected to physical scrutiny and more
206
so than the rest of us because of the fact that they are public figures.
207
All right.
208
Just to give them a little bit of compassion, I think.
209
Well, this is like an overshare, but I grew up ...
210
I've been fat most of my life.
211
I've been in a girdle since I was 12.
212
But I think for me,
213
my barometer for just gauging my body acceptance has always been through, I guess, Oprah.
214
Oh, wow.
215
That's an interesting reference.
216
No, no. No, no, no. So I think when I was a child,
217
I saw her on TV and I was like, oh, this is an adult who looks like me.
218
But then I think very quickly, I realized that she wasn't my body positivity hero.
219
In fact, she was actively trying to evade her fatness my whole life.
220
And it took me a long time to figure that out, I guess like a teenager.
221
You know, you have to really hold Oprah in a particular way because on the one hand, she has had to suffer through so much fat shaming through most of her life.
222
So it's not as if she hasn't suffered.
223
But the way in which she's been able to, I want to say, overcome and really actually profit from fat phobia is to say, I know it's wrong and I'm going to do better.
224
There's been this language of repentance that has existed in conversations with Oprah about her body from the beginning.
225
Yeah.
226
I mean, when she pulled the amount of fat that she had lost- The wagon of fat.
227
The wagon of fat.
228
And even back then I was like, oh, that can't be good.
229
No. Yeah.
230
And so what is the point of that
231
if not to say this was a horrendous misjudgment on my part
232
and now I have figured out how to be a better person.
233
Now I'm redeemed.
234
during the time period in which Oprah was at her height with her television show, to have respect as a woman in public,
235
you needed to either be thin or trying to prove to people that you're on your way to becoming thin.
236
Fatness was just transitory.
237
So for someone like her, it's not just a matter of saying, hey, I know how to be a good person.
238
It's also like, wait, weight loss products make a lot of money.
239
So what if I were to show that I am on my journey to weight loss and be able to monetize that?
240
And she has done.
241
Okay, I want to pivot to,
242
you've written explicitly about how BMI or body mass index became this barometer for obesity,
243
which is already problematic if you want to go down that rabbit hole.
244
But where does that come from?
245
You know, the funny thing is that BMI, body mass index, was actually invented by an astronomer.
246
And you're like, wait, what?
247
Did you say an astronomer?
248
Astronomer?
249
Astronomer.
250
Yeah.
251
There was this guy, Adolf Kedele, a Belgian astronomer who became a statistician.
252
And what he decided he would do is
253
that he would take a survey of the distribution of height and weight across a population.
254
Right.
255
And that is exactly what BMI.
256
It is a ratio of weight to height.
257
Now, if you're paying attention, you might think to yourself, now you've said astronomer, you've said statistician.
258
At no point did you say physician.
259
No, I did not.
260
Because this man was not in any way concerned with health outcomes.
261
And that's not just my reading.
262
His own biographer wrote that.
263
And so this tool was taken up by a eugenicist in the early 20th century in the United States named Charles Davenport, who happened to be familiar with this astronomer's work.
264
And he was like, you know what?
265
I believe there is a racial obesity.
266
So and we need to be able to use this tool, this Ketelay Index, to identify who's obese.
267
Now, this tool was renamed from Ketelay Index and Index of Build, which is what Charles Davenport called it in the 1920s,
268
to Body Mass Index by Ancel Keys in the 1970s.
269
And Ancel Keys was a known fatphobe.
270
And so that's how an astronomer ended up inventing a tool that is policing all of our bodies globally.
271
But now you're saying like with GLP-1s, that definition of obesity has broadened.
272
Well, yes.
273
So a couple of years ago, the American Medical Association had been working with other organizations to be able to identify,
274
okay, well, we know that BMI is flawed.
275
So instead, what we're going to do is we're going to add additional measurements onto BMI
276
so that now instead of just having this flawed core, we have this flawed core surrounded by other medical instruments that make it seem more valid.
277
Now, when they did this, right, when they added a bunch of stuff to the definition of obesity, what they ended up doing,
278
surprise, surprise, was creating a broader pool of individuals who could qualify as obese.
279
But how does relying on these kind of standards shape the care given to marginalized patients?
280
This is one of the most important parts, because as I mentioned earlier, Black people routinely report weight stigma at the doctor's office.
281
And so what does this mean?
282
This means that when weight is at the forefront of any analysis of health outcomes, that fat people are going to delay care.
283
fat people are going to simply stop going to the doctor.
284
Fat people are going to go to the doctor
285
and they're going to be told you need to lose weight because doctors are so invested in this fat-centric view of health.
286
And there have been multiple instances in which a fat person will go to the doctor, the doctor will tell them to lose weight,
287
and the doctor will miss the fact that this person has cancer.
288
So what it does is actually lead to worse health outcomes for people
289
and especially for people who are labeled overweight or obese.
290
Coming up.
291
You see someone there in a lab coat, take this medication, you will lose weight, you will be healthy.
292
They will almost always also say, and you will look and feel good, right?
293
The appearance has always been right there in the mix.
294
It's not a side effect.
295
Stay with us.
296
This message comes from IXL, a learning platform for helping kids build confidence and get up to speed fast.
297
One subscription covers math, science, and reading for all children in a household.
298
Receive 20% off at IXL.com slash NPR.
299
Support for NPR and the following message come from FX's The Drop, a snowfall saga.
300
Wanda and Leon are back, but this time they're chasing a different kind of legacy.
301
As West Coast rap begins to take over 90s Los Angeles, Wanda is betting on a new generation of artists ready to make a name for themselves in hip-hop.
302
But in a city where every opportunity comes with a price, they'll have to decide what they're willing to risk to leave their mark.
303
FX's The Drop premieres September 8th on FX and Hulu.
304
Support for this podcast and the following message come from Made in Cookware.
305
President and co-founder Jake Kalick shares the key ingredients that go into Made in products.
306
We try to design products that are going to last you an incredibly long time.
307
And to know that we're making this in places that take the raw material seriously, take the manufacturing processes seriously,
308
that's ultimately what's going to allow us to sleep better at night selling this product to you.
309
Learn more about Made in Cookware at m-a-d-e-i-n cookware.com.
310
Parker.
311
Just Parker.
312
Code switch.
313
I'm talking to author and sociologist Sabrina Strings about the current climate around GLP-1s and the new language being used around fatphobia.
314
I want to pivot a little bit because I call it like the, it's like the Viagrafication of GLP-1s.
315
How like Viagra was initially for people with heart conditions and ultimately became like, hey, it also helps people with erectile dysfunction.
316
And now we have GLP-1s, which are for people, originally for people with diabetes and have genuine needs for this medication.
317
But they're like, weight loss, let's pivot to that.
318
And because these drugs were diabetes drugs first, and Black Americans are disproportionately impacted by diabetes,
319
I would love
320
if you'd like talk to me about how people are critiqued for using these drugs for health means versus cosmetic means.
321
Yeah.
322
So this is one of the things that becomes, I think, very delicate.
323
Because we, of course, want people to have legitimate access to medications that they need.
324
Right.
325
If you have diabetes, we want you to have access.
326
But one of the problems is that because there's this whole discourse about there being an obesity crisis amongst Black people,
327
Black people, nearly 50% of Black people are obese, then what we find is that Black people are stigmatized both for their size,
328
right, and if they choose to use the GLP-1 medications for any reason.
329
So this is one of the reasons why I say it's so important for us to keep in mind body autonomy.
330
People have the right to use these medications.
331
It's not going to help the cause of fat liberation to say no one can lose weight.
332
And I don't think very many activists would say that.
333
But then the other thing we have to keep in mind is that just because you have access to these medications
334
does not mean that these medications are a cure-all for the things that are ailing Black America.
335
But it also makes me think of, like, there's a whole section in Fear in the Black Body that's about,
336
like, that thinness was viewed as American exceptionalism, particularly part of the early 20th century.
337
But with things like this happening, do you think that it's still the case?
338
Yeah, you know, I'm working on a piece right now about that.
339
Um, because the widespread use of GLP ones has really been going on for about three years, not very long at all.
340
And already, according to recent data, we are seeing that the weight of America is decreasing.
341
America is actually getting thinner.
342
And so that in and of itself, I'm sure for many people will be considered a triumph, even though chronic illness remains extraordinarily high.
343
I mean, let's, let's just do a thought experiment.
344
Does anyone listening to this believe that if we could make every single American thin,
345
that we would eradicate diabetes, heart disease, heart failure?
346
I doubt it, no. Of course not.
347
We still find all of these chronic illnesses in people who are so-called normal weight.
348
So making everyone thin will not make us all healthy.
349
But thinness has always been the goal.
350
They don't care about your insides.
351
It's like, aesthetically, we have to make sure that you look thin.
352
I had a relative who had cancer, survived it, okay now, but lost so much weight and got so many compliments.
353
They were like, you look so good, you're so thin.
354
Well, yeah, they're on chemo.
355
Oh my gosh.
356
But that is how our society works.
357
We don't care if you got diabetes.
358
We don't care if you've got cardiovascular disease, as long as you're thin, then you've succeeded somehow.
359
Absolutely.
360
And that is the insidious thing because the conversation is usually about health
361
because it's often someone in a lab coat telling you it's important to lose weight.
362
But just because that's the rhetoric doesn't mean it's the reality.
363
They're trying to convince you that weight loss is healthy.
364
And there are so many websites, you can Google this, where even as you see someone there in a lab coat, take this medication, you will lose weight, you will be healthy.
365
They will almost always also say, and you will look and feel good, right?
366
The appearance has always been right there in the mix.
367
It's not a side effect.
368
But it also seems like, not even like health, health can go away for a second.
369
It seems like there's this like moral underpinnings around fatness and GLP-1s that feel in contradiction with themselves.
370
In thin Western society, fatness is considered a moral failing, right?
371
But then when someone takes Ozempic or Roe or Wiggovy or whatever,
372
that's also considered somehow a moral failing because it's like the easy way out.
373
So then what's the point?
374
Well, I suppose, I guess there's a hierarchy, if you will, right?
375
But the idea, according to many people in Western society, is that you're just supposed to be white and thin on your own.
376
If you can't manage that, not everybody's going to be white, but you can at least try to fit in within this narrow BMI frame.
377
And you should try to do it from your own industry.
378
And part of the reason why that hierarchy exists, like you should be either naturally thin or you should work hard to be thin, but at the very least take the medication
379
and don't stay fat reason why that exists is
380
that originally the discourse surrounding quote unquote obesity was that it was a character failing.
381
It's only very recently, you know, and this has actually been increasing with the prominence of the GOP-1s,
382
it's only recently that the discourse within the medical field has shifted the blame from the individual
383
and their personal failing for not trying hard enough to something
384
that could be genetic or environmental and therefore something out of their control.
385
And so, yes, absolutely.
386
We don't have control over our size.
387
But they have used that framing to say, we can have compassion for you.
388
Just take this medication.
389
But you're right.
390
People still rely on this earlier trope that it was up to you to lose the weight.
391
Start exercising more.
392
Oh gosh.
393
So with this GLP-1 fervor, when does fatness become a class marker?
394
What if someone can't afford to take the drug?
395
Yeah.
396
And the question of money is ever present
397
when we're talking about the gop ones
398
if you have a prescription you can get your gop one for something like 25 a month
399
but if you don't that amount rises something like 900 to 60 a month it's absurd right
400
and then we have to think about okay well
401
if you are a low income person
402
if you're a person who's living in poverty how are you
403
going to be able to get a prescription in the first
404
place right you may not have ready access to health care that means you won't get a prescription,
405
that means you will not be able to get the $25 medication.
406
And so absolutely, class is central to this issue because one thing that we are seeing as America,
407
as I mentioned, weights in America have been declining ever so slightly in the past few years,
408
we can see that there is nevertheless a stratification happening where it's declining more rapidly in some populations than others.
409
And so let me just say clearly, I'm still doing the research on this, But we do know that,
410
yes, the weights are declining faster amongst people who have a high income and who are women.
411
Really?
412
Yeah.
413
What does that mean?
414
Well, it means that both women are more likely to present themselves to doctors and perhaps request the medication,
415
that doctors are also more likely to prescribe the medication for women,
416
that women are more likely to adhere to the routine of the jabs or the pills or whatever they get.
417
So that's one of the reasons why we're seeing that women's bodies are actually shrinking faster now.
418
Just because the act of going to the doctor is more of a female trait.
419
Yeah, women of a certain class status.
420
Yeah.
421
I understood.
422
Okay.
423
I, hmm.
424
We try not to talk about people's bodies.
425
That is the correct thing to do.
426
But currently online, there is this schism on the way we talk about bodies.
427
So there's, I don't know if this is online, like plus size advocate, I don't know if you know, I follow her name is Samira.
428
I've heard of her, yeah.
429
She's lovely.
430
Her platform is all about pointing out the major, minor injustices that come with being fat in this world.
431
And I feel like she's become this sort of sin eater.
432
If you want to look into her comment section, it is, oh my God, they call her everything but a child of God.
433
But then there's also this ongoing commentary, whether it's concern or criticism about Ariana Grande.
434
And in between those two discussions, I'm getting an ad for Roe featuring like the sister from This Is Us.
435
And how can we navigate these things thoughtfully?
436
Yeah.
437
I think so much of what happens on social media is not intended for us to navigate it thoughtfully.
438
It's intended for us to react on instinct.
439
So if you want to be intelligently navigating this,
440
it's up to you to curate your own feed that incorporates people who have done the research, who have been thoughtful about this, and to be a part of a community, right?
441
So you have Samira, you have Nalgona, Positivity Online, you have the NAAFA.
442
There are a variety of different organizations and individuals you can find for this message, but it's up to you to do the work.
443
But why is it so hard to talk about bodies without shaming?
444
Yeah.
445
Protestantism.
446
That's, you know...
447
Really?
448
Yeah.
449
I mean, that's the quick and dirty of it.
450
This is the Protestants' fault.
451
And I wish that I could soften the blow, but I cannot.
452
Because in reality, when the shift from Catholicism in some of the countries, like Germany was taking place,
453
from Catholicism to Protestantism, was happening in the 16th century,
454
one of the things that people like Martin Luther himself did was, yeah, they were working in like a little workshop,
455
distributing information about like the corruption of the Catholic church.
456
And one of the things that they did was create this archetypal fat monk.
457
The fat monk was the image of corruption because here you're supposed to be accepting alms, right?
458
But instead you're taking these indulgences.
459
They're hoarding.
460
Yeah.
461
And you're not distributing that.
462
You're keeping that for yourself.
463
And evidence of that is in the fact that you are a fat monk.
464
I'm looking at the Gutenberg Bible differently.
465
Oh my God, right?
466
Yeah.
467
I mean, the printing press allowed for many different things.
468
Not all of them beneficial.
469
OG fat phobia from the Gutenberg Bible to GOP.
470
There it is.
471
Oh my gosh.
472
All my fat black queens are losing weight and I'm just trying to grieve in my own way.
473
Well, yeah, I mean, it's just on the one hand, I think it might be helpful to view that as we live in a fat phobic society.
474
And until we address those issues, the structures that give thinner people better opportunities,
475
there is not a single aspect of human life that fat phobia does not touch.
476
Like what thing from working to partnerships, to where you live, to where you eat, right?
477
To your place on a plane.
478
There's not a single aspect of our lives that is not impacted by fatphobia.
479
It's so many different nodes where fatphobia shows up.
480
So fatphobic justice is justice for everyone.
481
We're just all trying to escape it.
482
Yeah.
483
In some kind of way.
484
I don't know if we can.
485
We can't escape structural problems through individual solutions.
486
We have to make it our business to start lobbying Congress to make sure
487
that size discrimination is included in civil rights legislation.
488
I mean, fatphobia is the last bastion of discrimination you can do well and not get ...
489
You won't get too much hate for it.
490
It's like, oh, you need a larger seatbelt on the plane?
491
Shame on you.
492
Yeah.
493
I don't know.
494
I mean, don't get me wrong.
495
Misogyny is alive.
496
It's thriving.
497
I see F-boys everywhere I go, you know, and most of them are far too old for this business.
498
So I'm just, I'm pointing out, you know, you have fatphobia.
499
People love to camp there, but guess what they get to be when they're being fatphobic?
500
They get to be misogynistic and racist.
501
So you know, it's a threefer.
502
A threefer. And that's our show.
503
You can follow us on Instagram at NPRCodeswitch.
504
But if you're also getting wild GLP-1 ads, please let us know, or let me know.
505
Our email address is codeswitch at NPR.org.
506
This episode you're listening to was produced by Christina Kala and Nora Gill.
507
The audio engineer for this episode was Robert Rodriguez.
508
It was edited by Jasmine Romero and Courtney Stone.
509
And a big shout out to the rest of the Code Switch massive.
510
Xavier Lopez, Jess Kung, Leah Dinella, Dalia Mortada, Barton Girdwood, Yolanda Sanguini, and Maya Dangerfield.
511
As for me, I'm Gene Demby.
512
I'm B.A.
513
Parker.
514
B-E-Z-O.
515
Hydrate.
516
This message comes from Grainger.
517
For the ones who get it done, Grainger offers the professional-grade products you need to get the job done.
518
With fast delivery and access to technical product experts ready to help you meet any challenge.
519
Call, click Grainger.com, or just stop by.
520
This message comes from Jerry.
521
Noticing your car insurance rate creep up, even without tickets or claims?
522
You're not alone.
523
That's why there's Jerry.
524
Jerry handles the legwork by comparing quotes side-by-side from over 50 top insurers, so you can confidently hit buy.
525
No spam calls, no hidden fees.
526
Jerry even tracks rates and alerts you when it's best to shop.
527
Drivers who stay with Jerry could save over $1,300 a year.
528
Don't overpay.
529
Download the Jerry app or visit jerry.ai.npr today.
Scarica l'app
Tutto ciò che serve per parlare fluentemente
Pronuncia con IAVoto per ogni frase
Pratica IPAPadroneggia ogni suono
VocabolarioCostruisci il tuo lessico
Gioco di vocabolarioImpara giocando
📺 Stesso Canale
✨ Video consigliato
C11
710 frasi
The truth about peptides, NAD, & other longevity treatments | Rachele Pojednic, Ph.D.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
187 frasi
Im Pregnant...And 700lbs 🫠
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
311 frasi
I bought Black Market AI Tokens on Chinese Amazon
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B25
263 frasi
"Coffee" is just Dessert Now
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
243 frasi
Ozempic Explained Like You're 5
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
23 frasi
Megyn Kelly Reacts to Kamala's Hilariously Incoherent Explanation of What an "Algorithm" is
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
416 frasi
She Fell in Love With ChatGPT. Like, Actual Love. With Sex.
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
62 frasi
How To Solve The App Onboarding Paradox
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
490 frasi
Inde Navarrette vs. Michael Johnston | Hot Ones Versus
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2363 frasi
How to Feel Beautiful When You Don’t Feel Pretty
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
132 frasi
Testosterone for Women Over 40: What Doctors Miss muscle-first fitness after 40
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
141 frasi
“3 Meals a Day is Marketing” - Dr David Sinclair
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “Freedom from fatness: Why GLP-1s go after Black bodies”. Questo video contiene 529 frasi e 5915 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 36:00. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 164 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 83% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| medication sostantivo | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | medicazione |
| fatphobia sostantivo | grassofobia | |
| astronomer sostantivo | /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/ | astronomo, astronoma |
| obesity sostantivo | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | obesità |
| diabetes sostantivo | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | diabete |
| positivity sostantivo | /ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ | positività |
| liberation sostantivo | /ˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/ | liberazione |
| algorithm sostantivo | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | algoritmo |
| obese aggettivo | /oʊˈbis/ | obeso corpulento |
| discourse sostantivo | /ˈdɪs.kɔːɹs/ | discorso |
| gosh | /ɡɑːʃ/ | perbacco, accidenti |
| compassion sostantivo | /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ | compassione |
| phobia sostantivo | /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ | fobia, paura |
| pivot sostantivo | /ˈpɪv.ɪt/ | perno, fulcro |
| surround verbo | /səˈɹaʊnd/ | circondare |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire |
| point out verbo | additare |
| take over verbo | usurpare |
| come up verbo | venire fuori, emergere |
| figure out verbo | scoprire, rendersi conto |
| get up to verbo | commettere |
| go up verbo | salire |
| grow up verbo | crescere |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- What does your algorithm look like?
- Why are you in my business?
- How do we stop that?
- Did you say an astronomer?
- It's like, oh, you need a larger seatbelt on the plane?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso | that's really been haunting · have been telling · has really been going |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | I've reached · has always been · it's just always been |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | being chased · is now covered · was only approved |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | people who had · Roe, which has · people who are |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 133 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come I'm, you're, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, thoughtfully /ˈθɔtfəli/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, liberation /ˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/, gosh /ɡɑːʃ/, compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, astronomer /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, positivity /ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/, liberation /ˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come medication, fatphobia, astronomer.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.