Pratica di Shadowing: New Skills! v1.3 brings /pr, /implement-spec, and /retro - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
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Hello, folks.
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Version 1 .3 of my skills repo is out, and it brings three very important skills that have become central to my workflow.
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Today, I'm going to show you about implement spec.
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I'm going to show you about PR, and I'm going to show you about retro.
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And retro, I think, is the one that I've just seen absolutely go nuts on socials, people going crazy for this skill,
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and it has felt incredibly powerful to me, too.
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The first place I want to start is the implement spec skill.
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The The main flow of my approach for landing huge chunks of work at once is essentially two different entities.
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You have a spec and then you have the tickets that implement that spec.
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The spec kind of acts like the place where you're going
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and then the tickets break that destination down into a set of sessions
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that you can then run in a single coding agent.
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If you try to implement the spec all in one coding agent, you would go into the dumb zone of that coding agent you might end up hitting autocompact.
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And, you know, while that works sometimes and it is getting better, I still think that breaking things down into individual tickets is just a lot cleaner.
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Now, the way that you orchestrate those tickets, the way that you give them each to one coding agent has always been a little bit confusing for users.
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And I've kind of been sort of going back and forth over the way that I recommend you do this.
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The most annoying and manual way to do this is managing it yourself, where you, the user, say, OK, agent, we are going to implement our first ticket.
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You wait for it to be complete.
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You clear the context.
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And then you say, OK, implement ticket two.
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You wait.
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You clear the context.
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You say implement ticket three.
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You're kind of acting like a for loop there.
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It's not really workable.
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So that is what I would describe as the manual loop there, which is not much fun.
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But you can change that by having a deterministic loop where you have a script
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that reads each ticket and then runs implement on it itself.
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This is how I recommend that most people do this because once you've set up your deterministic loop, it's going to run the same way every time.
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It's very reliable and it's cheap, right?
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Because you're not using an agent or you're not using a human to run that loop.
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You just essentially get a script to do it for you.
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But setting this up is quite complicated
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and requires a lot of patience as you sort of refine your loop and get it better and better.
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And so I see this is out of range for beginners.
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And so I wanted some way of allowing beginners to see not have to manually loop it themselves.
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And so I decided, OK, why don't we try a middle ground where we have subagents go through and implement the loop?
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In other words, an agent does the babysitting instead of a human.
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This means that all of the tickets will be implemented by subagents.
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And this has recently gotten possible because subagents can themselves spawn subagents.
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So before subagents were kind of a little bit nerfed, whereas now they're actually as powerful as orchestrator agents.
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And so this is what implement spec does, is the agent sits there looking at all of the tickets, orchestrating them, and then implements them in subagents.
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This is, I would say, worse than doing a deterministic loop, because the deterministic loop, again, it's deterministic.
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It works the same way every time.
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But implement spec is a good way to get started with AFK workflows, away from keyboard workflows where you step away and it implements the entire spec.
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Before you use any skill, you should read the entire skill.
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And it's not particularly long here.
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There are nine steps in its process, and it's got a little bit of reference material just at the top.
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One crucial thing is it goes for parallelization where it can.
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So this says the tickets are not a list of steps.
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They're a task graph with blocking relationships between them.
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That means there's always a frontier of tickets that are ready to be grabbed.
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If we take a look at the steps, we can see it reads the spec and tickets.
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It does a little bit of exploration in its own subagent.
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It creates an integration branch, and then it goes and uses implementer subagents to implement each ticket using TDD and using work trees too.
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Once that's done, it merges its work to the integration branch with a subagent
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and then pings off more implementer subagents until all the work is done.
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And once the work is done, it goes and calls code review on the integration branch.
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Then it cleans up all of its work and makes the PR ready for review.
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So you get a single PR off this huge great big spec.
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I've been reaching for this a lot more than I thought I would, especially on systems where you haven't set up these deterministic scripts yet,
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where you don't have your software factory dialed in, I suppose, implement spec has been really, really useful.
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It's been in progress for a while now, but I thought now's the moment.
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Let's graduate this so people can use it and fiddle around with it and build their own version of this too.
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This is a basic version of how you might implement your own spec.
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You could do something totally different to this.
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You could use stacked PRs.
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You could do all sorts of stuff.
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And in fact, talking of PRs, one of my most used recent skills has to be the PR skill.
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So prskill .md.
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I've been a huge fan of Dex Hawthies for a while now.
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I recently got to meet up with him in person and he has this gorgeous skill called show me.
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What show me does is it helps the user understand the current topic visually with concise diagrams
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and it uses all of this like really nice pseudocode.
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This looks a little bit garbage but actually
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when you see it in the context of a PR it really makes the PR a lot easier to read and review.
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PRs are still the main bottleneck for work getting to Maine.
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And my goal with this PR skill, kind of inspired by Show Me, is to make human review as easy as possible.
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And in the skill, we provide essentially a template for writing a PR body.
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That's all the skill does.
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We first start with a summary based on the kind of Show Me template, which we include in the skill.
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And then we ask for evidence.
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So before and after.
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This evidence is an essential part of learning to trust your agent, learning to trust your agent's outputs.
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And actually prompting it to provide evidence often means it runs an extra test
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or it takes an extra screenshot if it has that ability.
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And it provides you runtime information on that its actual change is doing what it thinks it's doing.
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Without asking for hard evidence, it's very easy for agents to say, yeah, that probably works because I've read the code.
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But no, verification is something I'm beginning to be really obsessed with, especially after my recent interview with Lauren.
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And then the third heading here is merge danger.
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So how dangerous is this PR going to be to merge?
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One metaphor I really like here is, is this a one -way door or is this a two -way door?
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A two -way door is a door that you can walk back through.
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In other words, we can easily revert this PR.
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But a one -way door is a PR that's going to
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do something out in the world it's going to delete some data
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or it's going to be expensive in some way to roll back
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and then finally you have blast radius here
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so the potential ramifications of the changes so
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if you have a very small blast radius on a two
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-way door then you know you really don't need to like review
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that pr very hard and so having this at the bottom probably the you know first
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or second thing the person is going to see is essential
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so for instance here's one of the prs in my repo that has been provided by the PR scale.
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This is essentially merging two algorithms that were basically the same.
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And we can see the files deleted and the files added in the right context.
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We understand the functions, the sort of the call stack that's being structured here.
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But crucially, we have the evidence.
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We have a before and after on a real entity.
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So there's no intro in this one, but afterwards it adds the intro, which is kind of the behavior that we want here.
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And finally, we can see that the merge danger is two ways, just a pure refactor plus one deliberate behavior change and the blast radius is small.
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So this PR skill has just become absolutely indispensable to my flow.
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It is also one of the most consistently invoked model invoke skills that I've seen.
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You, the user, don't have to worry about it at all.
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It seems to just invoke it every single time, at least on Opus 5 .5.
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So you should just be able to download it and just see your PR bodies get better.
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And of course, if you already have a PR body skill, then why not just steal what you can from this.
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Now, before we talk about the retro skill, we should mention that there has been a big change in how my especially grill with docs function.
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So let's take a look at domain modeling here and domain modeling skill.
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Now, instead of writing to context .md, writes to glossary .md.
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The inspiration for this skill came from DDD, came from Eric Evans's book Domain Driven design.
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And for that, I was essentially using a file name based on the concept of bounded context from DDD.
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And so this used to be context .md like this.
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But now I've sort of moved away from the DDD style flow.
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I mean, I still use DDD in all but name, but I wanted a slightly less overloaded term here.
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Context .md just felt way too vague.
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It didn't sort of trigger the agent to pull it in at the right moment.
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And for users, it was pretty confusing.
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I also ended up reducing the amount of stuff in glossary or in context .md until it was literally just a glossary.
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So there really is no point anymore.
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Glossary .md is now what we're going.
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This is also updated everywhere.
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And so loads of my skills rely on seeing a glossary .md in order to behave properly, in order to use the domain language at all points.
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And so you will need to definitely update this.
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There's no other behavior changes about the skill.
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It's really literally just a file name change.
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And I think that this is one that folks have been wanting for a while.
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So I'm glad to ship it.
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But now let's take a look at the retro skill.
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And let's actually do it by running it.
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What I noticed with my skill set is that I impose a lot.
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I ask a lot of you, the user.
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And what I was kind of asking of you is you were responsible for,
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over time, making changes to the repo that would improve it.
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In other words, I was asking you to manage your agents .md, to manage your skills, to make sure that your repo was token efficient,
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to make sure that your environment was good and safe for the agent to write code in, that you had good lint rules, that you had good navigation.
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And I realized
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that I personally was doing a lot of stuff to my
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repos to my agents in order to make them easier for me to work with, to make them more performant.
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And so I realized, why don't I bundle that up into a skill?
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And this is what retro does.
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It is short for retrospective.
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You run it on a coding agent session, either the current one or 10 that I've currently got, or let's say the previous one,
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and it will suggest improvements for next time.
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The cool thing about actually reading real sessions here is that it's able to look at what happened with the agent.
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It's able to see the inefficiencies that maybe the agent actually hides from.
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I really like this post from Andre.
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Retro by Matt Parker's Game Changer.
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My agents are bumping into all kinds of problems that went undetected, but due to persistence, the features still got built one way or another.
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In other words, the agent doesn't complain, I think, as much as it should and doesn't try to fix its own mistakes.
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You kind of need to get another agent to look back on those sessions
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and see where it went wrong and see how to help.
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And so this is what our agent has found here.
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The agent ran an irreversible public action before you picked a fix.
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The agent found why the 1 .3 .0 release was missing and then it ran a release without actually asking.
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This is why, by the way, when you actually look at the releases, you'll see there's no 1 .3 .0 release, only a 1 .3 .1 release.
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You know, Claude kind of screwed this up.
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I don't honestly care that much about it, so I don't mind this one in my context.
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We can see that this particular repo in has no actual guardrail.
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So there is a PNPM check script, but nothing actually runs it.
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So it's suggesting adding a CI pipeline here.
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And here we can see there's context loss happening between compactions in long sessions.
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So I use animatics to kind of create my videos or early drafts of them now.
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And it's saying that there's some loss when you compact.
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And so it's saying move some of the repeated instructions into an animatic skill.
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This is definitely a really good one.
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And I'm definitely going to implement that for sure.
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Or look at this one.
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A custom CLI that I've created for my course video manager, wastes tokens.
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So Retro looks at token inefficiency too.
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Wiki, which is another custom CLI, is not on path locally and Wiki AI Hero has gaps.
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So Retro is merciless.
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It will look at your actual sessions and see what is going on
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and it will pretty much always find ways to improve.
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Now, what I'd say with Retro is you want to use your human judgment when you look at these.
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I know, for instance, the thing that it thinks is most serious is actually not that bad.
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It's just a release.
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I can always create and cut new releases.
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And so the way retro works is it's designed to be human in the loop.
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It's not designed to just keep creating these fixes random.
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Pretty much everyone when I show them this, they go, oh, I'd love to automate this.
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No, you don't want to automate this.
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Automating this means that the agent will get itself into a loop where it continually finds false positives.
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It continually tries to fix things, and you'll end up in this weird trajectory where it just takes the repo
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and your agent into a place it shouldn't really go.
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I recommend you run retro on a sampling of your agent sessions.
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Every time you've got a free moment and you realize, oh, I haven't run retro in a while, just try getting it to run through your most recent sessions.
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Maybe a session that has gone wrong, let's say, or you feel the agent has done something weird, and retro will usually find a fix.
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We can see that inside the steps in the retro skill, it has several categories for improvements that it looks for.
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How easy is your code base to navigate?
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Are there automated checks that we could add?
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Could we add coding standards for the automated reviewer to enforce?
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How healthy is the global agents .md?
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Is the tool economy any good?
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Are there any no -ops in the instructions and steering files?
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Does the agent have access to all the information it needs?
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Overall, I've seen my token efficiency and just the quality of work
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that I've been able to produce massively increase by running retro regularly.
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And if you want to see the quality of your work increase too, then I recommend you take my AI coding crash course, which is on aihero .dev.
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I'm updating this today with a new lesson focusing on implement spec.
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And if you want to take control of your coding agent and utilize my skills better, then this is the place.
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But folks, thank you so much for following along.
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Hopefully you enjoy skills v1 .3.
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Enjoy seeing the uncomfortable truth of how bad your agent sessions are with Retro, and I'll see you in the next one.
📺 Stesso Canale
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 214 frasi e 2897 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 14:33. Chi parla va veloce, circa 199 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Solo il 81% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| skill sostantivo | /skɪl/ | abilità, capacità |
| implement verbo | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | mettere in pratica, attuare |
| loop sostantivo | /luːp/ | cappio |
| essentially avverbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | in essenza |
| merge verbo | /mɝd͡ʒ/ | fondersi, unirsi |
| script sostantivo | /skɹɪpt/ | scritto |
| domain sostantivo | /ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/ | dominio |
| token sostantivo | /ˈtoʊkən/ | simbolo, segno |
| blast sostantivo | /blæst/ | raffica, folata |
| folk sostantivo | /foʊk/ | gente, autoctono |
| integration sostantivo | /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ | integrazione |
| radius sostantivo | /ˈɹeɪ.di.əs/ | radio |
| custom sostantivo | /ˈkʌstəm/ | usanza, costume |
| manual sostantivo | /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ | manuale, guida |
| delete verbo | /dɪˈliːt/ | cancellare, eliminare |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire | |
| set up verbo | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | preparare, installare |
| clean up verbo | ripulire | |
| go back verbo | tornare | |
| go through verbo | attraversare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso | I've been reaching · have been wanting |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have become · I've just seen · has felt |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | will be implemented · be grabbed · is done |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | there, which is · intro, which is · Wiki, which is |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 46 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come I've, don't, I'm. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, integration /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, integration /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/, entity /ˈɛn.tə.ti/ [-tʰi], continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come skill, implement, loop.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.