Pratica di Shadowing: TED 中英雙語字幕- Robert Waldinger：幸福從何而來？ - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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Reviewer Gopalco

What keeps us healthy and happy as we go through life?

If you were going to invest now in your future best self, where would you put your time and your energy?

There was a recent survey of millennials asking them what their most important life goals were.

And over 80 percent said that a major life goal for them was to get rich.

And another 50 percent of those same young adults said that another major life goal was to become famous.

And we're constantly told to lean in to work, to push harder. and achieve more,

we're given the impression that these are the things that we need to go after in order to have a good life.

Pictures of entire lives, of the choices that people make and how those choices work out for them,

those pictures are almost impossible to get.

Most of what we know about human life, we know from asking people to remember the past.

And as we know, hindsight is anything but 20 -20.

We forget vast amounts of what happens to us in life, and sometimes memory is downright creative.

But what if we could watch entire lives as they unfold through time?

What if we could study people from the time that they were teenagers all the way into old age

to see what really keeps people happy and healthy?

We did that.

The Harvard study of adult development may be the longest study of adult life that's ever been done.

For 75 years, we've tracked the lives of 724 men.

Year after year, asking about their work, their home lives, their health, and of course asking all along the way,

without knowing how their life stories were going to turn out.

studies like this are exceedingly rare.

Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade

because too many people drop out of the study

or funding for the research dries up or the researchers get distracted

or they die and nobody moves the ball further down the field.

But through a combination of luck and the persistence of several generations of researchers, this study has survived.

About 60 of our original 724 men are still alive, still participating in the study, most of them in their 90s.

And we are now beginning to study the more than 2 ,000 children of these men.

And I'm the fourth director of the study.

Since 1938, we've tracked the lives of two groups of men.

The first group started in the study when they were sophomores at Harvard College.

They all finished college during

World War II, and then most went off to serve in the war.

And the second group that we followed was a group of boys from Boston's poorest neighborhoods, boys who were chosen for the study specifically

because they were from some of the most troubled and disadvantaged families in the Boston of the 1930s.

Most lived in tenements, many without hot and cold running water.

When they entered the study, all of these teenagers were interviewed, they were given medical exams.

We went to their homes and we interviewed their parents.

And then these teenagers grew up into adults who entered all walks of life.

They became factory workers and lawyers and bricklayers and doctors one president of the United States.

Some developed alcoholism.

A few developed schizophrenia.

Some climbed the social ladder from the bottom all the way to the very top.

And some made that journey in the opposite direction.

The founders of this study would never, in their wildest dreams, have imagined that I would be standing here today,

75 years later telling you that the study still continues.

Every two years, our patient and dedicated research staff calls up our men

and asks them if we can send them yet one more set of questions about their lives.

Many of the inner -city

Boston men ask us, Why do you keep wanting to study me?

My life just isn't that interesting." The Harvard men never ask that question.

To get the clearest picture of these lives, we don't just send them questionnaires.

We interview them in their living rooms.

We get their medical records from their doctors.

We draw their blood.

We scan their brains.

We talk to their children.

We videotape them talking with their wives about their deepest concerns.

And when, about a decade ago, we finally asked the wives if they would join us as members of the study, many of the women said,

you know, it's about time.

So what have we learned?

What are the lessons that come from the tens of thousands of pages of information that we've generated on these lives?

Well, the lessons aren't about wealth or fame or working harder and harder.

The clearest message that we get from this 75 -year study is this.

Good relationships keep us happier and healthier.

Period.

We've learned three big lessons about relationships.

The first is that social connections are really good for us and that loneliness kills.

It turns out that people who are more socially connected to family, to friends, to community are happier,

they're physically healthier, and they live longer than people who are less well -connected.

And the experience of loneliness turns out to be toxic.

People who are more isolated than they want to be from others find that they are less happy,

their health declines earlier in midlife, their brain functioning declines sooner, and they live shorter lives than people who are not lonely.

And the sad fact is that at any given time, more than one in five

Americans will report that they're lonely.

And we know that you can be lonely in a crowd and you can be lonely in a marriage.

So the second big lesson that we learned is

that it's not just the number of friends you have and it's not whether or not you're in a committed relationship,

but it's the quality of your close relationships that matters.

It turns out that living in the midst of conflict is really bad for our health.

High -conflict marriages, for example, without much affection, turn out to be very bad for our health, perhaps worse than getting divorced.

And living in the midst of good, warm relationships is protective.

Once we had followed our men all the way into their 80s, we wanted to look back at them at midlife and to see

if we could predict who was going to grow into a happy, healthy octogenarian and who wasn't.

And when we gathered together everything we knew about them at age 50,

it wasn't their middle -aged cholesterol levels that predicted how they were going to grow old.

It was how satisfied they were in their relationships.

The people who were the most satisfied in their relationships at age 50 were the healthiest at age 80.

And good, close relationships seem to buffer us from some of the slings and arrows of getting old.

Our most happily partnered men and women reported in their 80s that on the days when they had more physical pain,

their moods stayed just as happy.

But the people who were in unhappy relationships, on the days when they reported more physical pain, it was magnified by more emotional pain.

And the third big lesson that we learn about relationships and our health is that good relationships don't just protect our bodies, they protect our brains.

It turns out that being in a securely attached relationship to another person in your 80s is protective.

That the people who are in relationships where they really feel they can count on the other person in times of need,

those people's memories stay sharper longer.

And the people in relationships where they feel they really can't count on the other one, those are the people who experience earlier memory decline.

And those good relationships, they don't have to be smooth all the time.

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Some of our octogenarian couples could bicker with each other day in and day out,

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but as long as they felt that they could really count on the other when the going got tough,

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those arguments didn't take a toll on their memories.

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So this message, that good, close relationships are good for our health and well -being,

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this is wisdom that's as old as the hills.

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Why is this so hard to get and so easy to ignore?

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Well, we're human.

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What we'd really like is a quick fix, something we can get that'll make our lives good and keep them that way.

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Relationships are messy and they're complicated, and the hard work of tending to family and friends, that's not sexy or glamorous.

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It's also lifelong.

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It never ends.

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The people in our 75 -year study who were the happiest

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in retirement were the people who had actively worked to replace workmates with new playmates.

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Just like the millennials in that recent survey, Many of our men, when they were starting out as young adults,

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really believed that fame and wealth and high achievement were what they needed to go after to have a good life.

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But over and over, over these 75 years,

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our study has shown that the people who fared the best were the people who leaned into relationships with family,

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with friends, with community. So what about you?

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Let's say you're 25 or you're 40 or you're 60.

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What might leaning into relationships even look like?

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Well, the possibilities are practically endless.

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It might be something as simple as replacing screen time with people time

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or livening up a stale relationship by doing something new together, long walks or date nights

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or reaching out to that family member who you haven't spoken to in years

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because those all -too -common family feuds take a terrible toll on the people who hold the grudges.

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I'd like to close with a quote from Mark Twain.

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More than a century ago, he was looking back on his life, and he wrote this, There isn't time,

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so brief as life, for bickerings, apologies, heartburnings, callings to account.

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There is only time for loving, and but an instant, so to speak, for that.

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The good life is built with good relationships.

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Thank you.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “TED 中英雙語字幕- Robert Waldinger：幸福從何而來？”. Questo video contiene 130 frasi e 1697 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 12:39. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 134 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 88% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è facile da seguire.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
lesson sostantivo	/ˈlɛs.ən/	lezione
lonely aggettivo	/ˈloʊnli/	solo, solitario
decline verbo	/dɪˈklaɪn/	declinare
lean verbo	/ˈliːn/	pendere
teenager sostantivo	/ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/	giovane, adolescente
connect verbo	/kəˈnɛkt/	connettere, connettersi
fame sostantivo	/feɪm/	fama
protective aggettivo	/pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/	protettivo
predict verbo	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	profetizzare
satisfy verbo	/ˈsætɪsfaɪ/	soddisfare, accontentare
researcher sostantivo	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	ricercatore, ricercatrice
loneliness sostantivo	/ˈloʊnlinəs/	solitudine
amidst	/aˈmɪdst/	in mezzo
vast aggettivo	/væst/	ampio, vasto
ignore verbo	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	ignorare

I phrasal verb che sentirai

Parola	Significato
turn out verbo	risultare
call up verbo	rievocare, prendere
fall apart verbo	cadere a pezzi
go through verbo	attraversare

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

Struttura	Nel video
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso	that's ever been done · we've tracked · has survived
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa	people who are · people who were · people who experience
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa	been done · were chosen · were interviewed

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 29 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we've, you're, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

I suoni “th”: smooth /smuːð/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/
I suoni “sh” e “zh”: sharp /ʃɑɹp/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, affection /əˈfɛk.ʃən/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, apology /əˈpɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

/h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: happily /ˈhæp.ə.li/, unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/, alcoholism /ˈælkə(ˌ)hɔˌlɪzəm/, hindsight /ˈhaɪn(d)saɪt/
Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: connect /kəˈnɛkt/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, loneliness /ˈloʊnlinəs/, amidst /aˈmɪdst/
/æ/ — più aperta della “e”: satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/, vast /væst/, exam /ɪɡˈzæm/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, actively /ˈæktɪvli/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come lesson, lonely, decline.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →

Pratica di Shadowing: TED 中英雙語字幕- Robert Waldinger：幸福從何而來？ - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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