Практика Shadowing: TED 中英雙語字幕- Robert Waldinger：幸福從何而來？ - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Reviewer Gopalco
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What keeps us healthy and happy as we go through life?
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If you were going to invest now in your future best self, where would you put your time and your energy?
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There was a recent survey of millennials asking them what their most important life goals were.
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And over 80 percent said that a major life goal for them was to get rich.
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And another 50 percent of those same young adults said that another major life goal was to become famous.
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And we're constantly told to lean in to work, to push harder. and achieve more,
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we're given the impression that these are the things that we need to go after in order to have a good life.
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Pictures of entire lives, of the choices that people make and how those choices work out for them,
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those pictures are almost impossible to get.
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Most of what we know about human life, we know from asking people to remember the past.
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And as we know, hindsight is anything but 20 -20.
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We forget vast amounts of what happens to us in life, and sometimes memory is downright creative.
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But what if we could watch entire lives as they unfold through time?
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What if we could study people from the time that they were teenagers all the way into old age
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to see what really keeps people happy and healthy?
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We did that.
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The Harvard study of adult development may be the longest study of adult life that's ever been done.
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For 75 years, we've tracked the lives of 724 men.
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Year after year, asking about their work, their home lives, their health, and of course asking all along the way,
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without knowing how their life stories were going to turn out.
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studies like this are exceedingly rare.
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Almost all projects of this kind fall apart within a decade
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because too many people drop out of the study
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or funding for the research dries up or the researchers get distracted
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or they die and nobody moves the ball further down the field.
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But through a combination of luck and the persistence of several generations of researchers, this study has survived.
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About 60 of our original 724 men are still alive, still participating in the study, most of them in their 90s.
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And we are now beginning to study the more than 2 ,000 children of these men.
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And I'm the fourth director of the study.
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Since 1938, we've tracked the lives of two groups of men.
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The first group started in the study when they were sophomores at Harvard College.
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They all finished college during
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World War II, and then most went off to serve in the war.
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And the second group that we followed was a group of boys from Boston's poorest neighborhoods, boys who were chosen for the study specifically
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because they were from some of the most troubled and disadvantaged families in the Boston of the 1930s.
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Most lived in tenements, many without hot and cold running water.
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When they entered the study, all of these teenagers were interviewed, they were given medical exams.
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We went to their homes and we interviewed their parents.
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And then these teenagers grew up into adults who entered all walks of life.
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They became factory workers and lawyers and bricklayers and doctors one president of the United States.
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Some developed alcoholism.
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A few developed schizophrenia.
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Some climbed the social ladder from the bottom all the way to the very top.
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And some made that journey in the opposite direction.
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The founders of this study would never, in their wildest dreams, have imagined that I would be standing here today,
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75 years later telling you that the study still continues.
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Every two years, our patient and dedicated research staff calls up our men
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and asks them if we can send them yet one more set of questions about their lives.
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Many of the inner -city
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Boston men ask us, Why do you keep wanting to study me?
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My life just isn't that interesting." The Harvard men never ask that question.
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To get the clearest picture of these lives, we don't just send them questionnaires.
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We interview them in their living rooms.
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We get their medical records from their doctors.
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We draw their blood.
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We scan their brains.
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We talk to their children.
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We videotape them talking with their wives about their deepest concerns.
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And when, about a decade ago, we finally asked the wives if they would join us as members of the study, many of the women said,
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you know, it's about time.
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So what have we learned?
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What are the lessons that come from the tens of thousands of pages of information that we've generated on these lives?
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Well, the lessons aren't about wealth or fame or working harder and harder.
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The clearest message that we get from this 75 -year study is this.
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Good relationships keep us happier and healthier.
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Period.
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We've learned three big lessons about relationships.
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The first is that social connections are really good for us and that loneliness kills.
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It turns out that people who are more socially connected to family, to friends, to community are happier,
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they're physically healthier, and they live longer than people who are less well -connected.
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And the experience of loneliness turns out to be toxic.
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People who are more isolated than they want to be from others find that they are less happy,
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their health declines earlier in midlife, their brain functioning declines sooner, and they live shorter lives than people who are not lonely.
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And the sad fact is that at any given time, more than one in five
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Americans will report that they're lonely.
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And we know that you can be lonely in a crowd and you can be lonely in a marriage.
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So the second big lesson that we learned is
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that it's not just the number of friends you have and it's not whether or not you're in a committed relationship,
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but it's the quality of your close relationships that matters.
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It turns out that living in the midst of conflict is really bad for our health.
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High -conflict marriages, for example, without much affection, turn out to be very bad for our health, perhaps worse than getting divorced.
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And living in the midst of good, warm relationships is protective.
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Once we had followed our men all the way into their 80s, we wanted to look back at them at midlife and to see
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if we could predict who was going to grow into a happy, healthy octogenarian and who wasn't.
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And when we gathered together everything we knew about them at age 50,
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it wasn't their middle -aged cholesterol levels that predicted how they were going to grow old.
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It was how satisfied they were in their relationships.
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The people who were the most satisfied in their relationships at age 50 were the healthiest at age 80.
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And good, close relationships seem to buffer us from some of the slings and arrows of getting old.
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Our most happily partnered men and women reported in their 80s that on the days when they had more physical pain,
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their moods stayed just as happy.
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But the people who were in unhappy relationships, on the days when they reported more physical pain, it was magnified by more emotional pain.
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And the third big lesson that we learn about relationships and our health is that good relationships don't just protect our bodies, they protect our brains.
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It turns out that being in a securely attached relationship to another person in your 80s is protective.
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That the people who are in relationships where they really feel they can count on the other person in times of need,
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those people's memories stay sharper longer.
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And the people in relationships where they feel they really can't count on the other one, those are the people who experience earlier memory decline.
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And those good relationships, they don't have to be smooth all the time.
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Some of our octogenarian couples could bicker with each other day in and day out,
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but as long as they felt that they could really count on the other when the going got tough,
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those arguments didn't take a toll on their memories.
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So this message, that good, close relationships are good for our health and well -being,
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this is wisdom that's as old as the hills.
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Why is this so hard to get and so easy to ignore?
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Well, we're human.
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What we'd really like is a quick fix, something we can get that'll make our lives good and keep them that way.
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Relationships are messy and they're complicated, and the hard work of tending to family and friends, that's not sexy or glamorous.
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It's also lifelong.
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It never ends.
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The people in our 75 -year study who were the happiest
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in retirement were the people who had actively worked to replace workmates with new playmates.
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Just like the millennials in that recent survey, Many of our men, when they were starting out as young adults,
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really believed that fame and wealth and high achievement were what they needed to go after to have a good life.
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But over and over, over these 75 years,
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our study has shown that the people who fared the best were the people who leaned into relationships with family,
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with friends, with community. So what about you?
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Let's say you're 25 or you're 40 or you're 60.
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What might leaning into relationships even look like?
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Well, the possibilities are practically endless.
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It might be something as simple as replacing screen time with people time
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or livening up a stale relationship by doing something new together, long walks or date nights
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or reaching out to that family member who you haven't spoken to in years
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because those all -too -common family feuds take a terrible toll on the people who hold the grudges.
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I'd like to close with a quote from Mark Twain.
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More than a century ago, he was looking back on his life, and he wrote this, There isn't time,
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so brief as life, for bickerings, apologies, heartburnings, callings to account.
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There is only time for loving, and but an instant, so to speak, for that.
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The good life is built with good relationships.
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Thank you.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «TED 中英雙語字幕- Robert Waldinger：幸福從何而來？». В этом видео 130 предложений и 1697 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 12:39. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 134 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 88% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| lesson существительное | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | уро́к, ле́кция |
| lonely прилагательное | /ˈloʊnli/ | одино́кий |
| decline глагол | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | спада́ть |
| lean глагол | /ˈliːn/ | наклоня́ться, наклони́ться |
| teenager существительное | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | подро́сток, тине́йджер |
| connect глагол | /kəˈnɛkt/ | свя́зывать, связа́ть |
| fame существительное | /feɪm/ | сла́ва, изве́стность |
| protective прилагательное | /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/ | защи́тный, охра́нный |
| predict глагол | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | предска́зывать, предсказа́ть |
| satisfy глагол | /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ | удовлетворя́ть, удовлетвори́ть |
| researcher существительное | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | иссле́дователь, иссле́довательница |
| loneliness существительное | /ˈloʊnlinəs/ | одино́чество |
| vast прилагательное | /væst/ | обши́рный, огро́мный |
| ignore глагол | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | игнори́ровать, проигнори́ровать |
| sharp прилагательное | /ʃɑɹp/ | о́стрый |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| turn out глагол | ока́зываться, оказа́ться |
| fall apart глагол | распада́ться, распа́сться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | that's ever been done · we've tracked · has survived |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | people who are · people who were · people who experience |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | been done · were chosen · were interviewed |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 29 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we've, you're, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: smooth /smuːð/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: sharp /ʃɑɹp/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, affection /əˈfɛk.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, apology /əˈpɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: worker /ˈwɝ.kɚ/, wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/, questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: happily /ˈhæp.ə.li/, unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/, alcoholism /ˈælkə(ˌ)hɔˌlɪzəm/, hindsight /ˈhaɪn(d)saɪt/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, mood /muːd/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, feud /fjud/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как lesson, lonely, decline.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.