Pratica di Shadowing: USB4 is a Glorious Mess - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
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USB 4 is an absolute game changer.
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We're talking 40 gigabit per second data rates, support for 8K displays and external GPUs, single cable docking at up to 240 watt charging rates,
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and all over the same USB type C connectors and cables that you have come to know and to...
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Yes!
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What?
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Actually, USB 4 is more like a collection of optional standards, okay?
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It sounds like what you're talking about is USB 4 Gen 3x2 with some of those optional features implemented.
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So your sponsor, Origin PC, would probably want you to clarify that, so okay.
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Pedantic Riley is very annoying, but he's also right.
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I mean, it shouldn't surprise me coming from the same industry consortium that brought us naming like USB 3.2 Gen 2x2,
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but five years after Intel's announcement that they would open source Thunderbolt, USB 4 is finally out in force,
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and has turned out to be one of the most confusing standards ever to make it onto a consumer PC.
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The good news though, is that by the time we're finished here, you will understand both its pros and cons,
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and how it operates or doesn't with other standards like Thunderbolt, including real-world examples.
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The simple explanation really is
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that USB 4 is an open version of Thunderbolt 3 based on the specifications that Intel released back in 2017.
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There is a lot to love about this move.
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For one thing, it frees vendors from the shackles of Intel's notoriously onerous certification process.
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And for another, it allows non-Intel CPU manufacturers, like Apple or especially AMD, who didn't co-develop the standard,
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to support features that used to be Thunderbolt exclusive, like 40 gigabit data rates, daisy chaining together multiple devices,
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and PCIe tunneling, which is super cool,
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and allows you to turn your USB-C port into a PCI Express connection for devices like external GPUs and other add-on cards.
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The problem is that when you free the notoriously cheapskate computer industry from compliance programs, you invite shortcuts.
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And USB 4 invites a lot of shortcuts.
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In no particular order, here are the optional components of the spec that can be left off of your device,
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while still allowing the vendor to slap USB 4 on the spec sheet.
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40 gigabit transfer rates, 20 gigabit USB 3.2,
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Thunderbolt alternate mode, USB-C alternate mode, and yes, PCIe tunneling.
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Yeah.
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In a world where almost nothing you can connect to a
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laptop needs the speed of even a last gen USB 3.20 gig port, isn't the whole point of USB 4,
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PCIe tunneling and interoperability with Thunderbolt 3 devices?
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Well, Microsoft sure thought so, which is why they actually require external USB 4 ports on Windows 11 devices to support PCIe tunneling,
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which theoretically ensures backwards compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 devices.
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But there is no such guarantee if you were to buy a bare motherboard or a non-Windows device.
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And from my conversations with a device maker whose previous Thunderbolt 3 notebook actually never ended up getting certified by Intel,
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there's a lot more to this interoperability than just checking a box for PCIe tunneling.
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Making matters even more confusing, Microsoft does not appear to have mandates in place for any of the other features.
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The good news is that when it works, it works really well.
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Here is a small bushel of Thunderbolt 3,
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Thunderbolt 4, and USB 4 devices that we've tried on the Voyager A1600 gaming and content creation laptop
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that Corsair provided for this video.
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And I'm gonna show you guys what the experience is like
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on a USB 4 laptop after the short message from our sponsor.
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Corsair packs the Voyager A1600 with high performance gear like their Vengeance DDR5 memory, and yet managed to keep it amazingly slim.
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The integrated Elgato Steam Deck allows you to map streaming commands
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and keyboard shortcuts to 10 easy access customizable shortcut buttons using simple drag and drop customization.
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And Corsair's iCue software lets you fully customize the system's look, monitor performance, and manage your Corsair devices so you can update and fine tune the settings to your needs.
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It comes with a one-year comprehensive warranty for peace of mind, making it the premier choice for laptop PC gaming or content creation in a super compact package.
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Visit the link down below to learn more.
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For our first trick, we'll be trying to connect a couple of Thunderbolt 3 devices to our USB 4 laptop.
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And the reason this matters is
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because these older devices would have been designed at a time that USB 4 compatibility wouldn't have been a consideration.
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So if they work, it means that USB 4 is transparently compatible with Thunderbolt 3.
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at least, okay, this one works, for these particular devices.
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Now that first one I plugged in using a USB 4 cable, and the second one, we're gonna try an older Thunderbolt 3 cable.
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I think we got it.
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There it is, CalDigit 10 gig network adapter.
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This backwards compatibility means that any Thunderbolt 3 device and USB 4 system should work with each other.
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Now, I would expect to find some edge cases, particularly with very old devices due to Intel specific handshakes that used to be required.
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But we didn't run into any of them while we were working on this video.
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Now let's try a Thunderbolt 4 device.
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In the interest of giving ourselves our best shot here, we're gonna go ahead and use a Thunderbolt 4 validated cable.
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Look at that.
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Easy.
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And we don't even need that old Intel application for managing all of our connected devices.
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I mean, I expected this to work.
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The main difference between Thunderbolt 3 and Thunderbolt 4 is actually also in enforcement of compliance.
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So Thunderbolt 4 requires, in order to get the Intel badge, support for two 4K displays, or a single 8K display.
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Computers must have 32 gigabit per second of PCIe bandwidth.
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This is to address issues folks would have with high bandwidth devices on some Thunderbolt 3 laptops,
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particularly eGPUs, and they must support security improvements that protect your device from malicious connected devices.
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Plugable.com actually has a great write-up on the differences between Thunderbolt 3 and Thunderbolt 4.
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What about speed though?
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In an attempt to crack over 20 gigabit per second of transfers, we are using three separate SSDs and our network share,
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oh, and copying all to our boot drive at the same time.
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3.6 gigabytes a second, yes!
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Can confirm that we are not limited to 20 gigabit per second, even though that could be the case with USB 4.
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Wow, those transfers are almost all done.
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That's really impressive.
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Those were 22 gigabyte files.
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Mind-blowing.
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And the most mind-blowing thing is that aside from some CalDigit devices that took a little while to be detected,
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we didn't run into any issues using Thunderbolt devices on this laptop.
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And those CalDigit ones, they were actually just downloading drivers in the background.
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Wow.
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But there is definitely more to know here we tested a lot of configurations
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and discovered not only some differences between Thunderbolt and USB 4, but also between Apple's implementation and the one we found on the Corsair Voyager.
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See, on a Mac, two Cinema 5K displays, this would work.
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Just connect them to any Thunderbolt port you want and it works as expected.
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However, when we attempt to do the same thing with the Voyager, either only one display works, Or if we go through a hub,
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we can run both of them, but they're limited to 4K resolution.
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Unless, dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun-dun, we actually unplug them from our Thunderbolt ports,
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plug one into Thunderbolt, and one into the regular USB-C 3.2 port over on the other side.
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Et voila, both running at 5K.
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The reason for this is quite interesting.
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In the Verges coverage of this laptop,
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Corsair senior public relations specialist Justin Okbina revealed that the USB 4 ports are hooked up to the CPU for display.
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Meanwhile, the 3.2 ports are hooked up to the GPU.
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So they might look the same, but because they're running DisplayPort alt mode,
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they're limited to the capabilities of whichever GPU is physically attached to them.
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So we're able to run more than one 5K display by connecting to each of those GPUs separately.
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This is another really interesting example of different protocols behaving in different ways, even if they go over the same connectors.
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Now, alt mode, what we're talking about here, uses a physical chip connected to the USB port to send a signal down it that differs from standard USB.
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Tunneling is not the same.
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It converts the DisplayPort signal to packets that can be sent along a USB connection
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Allowing for things like data and PCIe tunnel packets to be sent alongside
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So your mileage may vary depending on whether your machine uses alt mode or tunneled DisplayPort
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Poor Tanner If only Apple could have provided a display with an actual stand.
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Okay, you're good.
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You're unplugged Yeah, he's got the tracksuit and everything.
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Okay.
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Thank you Let's try some older more obscure stuff like this Akiteo dual drive dock and
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How about this Thunderbolt archival tape backup system?
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I remember the tape drive actually requiring special software
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So it's possible this hard drive will show up even if the tape drive wouldn't.
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Oh, hey, there we go.
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Look at that.
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That's awesome Goodbye monitor external drive and there they are They are!
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That's wild!
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I mean, it shouldn't surprise me that much given
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that USB 4 is supposed to be based on the Thunderbolt spec and therefore should be the same thing,
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but you just don't expect heck to work that well right out of the gate.
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And there were some things that led me to believe that maybe they weren't quite the same.
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For example, Thunderbolt has supported multiple Thunderbolt devices, daisy-chained together since the beginning.
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But the Wikipedia page for USB 4 explicitly says that such daisy chaining is not supported.
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To clarify, you could totally plug a Thunderbolt hub into your USB 4 laptop, and then a USB hub into that, and another one into that,
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and so on and so forth until the signal timing becomes an issue,
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but Intel seems to believe that connecting additional PCIe tunneling devices downstream, well that's their jam.
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So what happens if we try it?
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I guess we've already got this guy right here.
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So instead of plugging our additional drives into the laptop directly, why don't we daisy chain?
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I see the hard drive in here so pot.
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There they are.
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The SSDs in here have shown up.
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But how far can we go?
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Why don't we do a hub?
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Oh yeah.
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Okay, I don't know if we have to go all the way to six, but let's do one more at least here.
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Here comes another one.
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There they are!
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It's all showing up!
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I want one more!
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I want my 10 gig Ethernet!
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6A...
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Oh...
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Oh!
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Nope, it's not like that one.
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We got it working with anywhere from two to three devices pretty consistently,
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but as you can see, your mileage may vary.
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Though, this is unlikely to ever affect you.
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Many newer Thunderbolt devices, especially hubs and docks,
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have controllers in them that can communicate either using Thunderbolt-like PCIe tunneling protocols or traditional USB protocols.
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So in many cases, it won't necessarily be obvious to you until you try to plug in another downstream device,
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which protocol your device is using.
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Now, rather than trying to run all five of these devices, let's go for a single really demanding one, an external GPU.
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Here we go.
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Oh, fan spinning.
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That's a good sign.
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There it is.
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Our RTX 2070 external GPU.
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Not that we'll need to upgrade the GPU anytime soon, given that this laptop has a Radeon 6800 in it already anyway.
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But the point is that it does work.
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And the A1600 does all of this partly thanks to AMD's inclusion of USB4 on their Zen 3 Plus Ryzen 7000 processors.
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But in the absence of Intel's standards compliance team, it's also thanks to the way that Corsair has worked with their OEM to internally validate their implementation.
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However, watch how easily I can break things.
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Whoops.
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Here's what happened there.
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While Thunderbolt has used the same USB-C connector as USB devices for half a decade now,
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the Thunderbolt protocol, which you've heard me refer to a few times, and it's kind of like the language that's actually being spoken over the cable,
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well, it's closer to PCI Express than it is to USB.
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So this, along with its traditionally much higher data rates means that it has far less tolerance for latency and inconsistency,
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which means that cable quality matters a lot.
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It's not all bad.
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Like here, oh, this anchor cable is one that I specifically pulled aside for this.
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This is pretty cool because this cable is older than the USB 4.0 spec.
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It's just a high quality C2C cable and give it a second.
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Oh wait, did that not work?
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I actually tried it on a different Thunderbolt only device.
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This network adapter.
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And on the network adapter, it totally works in spite of this thing not having a USB operating mode.
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That's wild.
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Let's try this USB 4 type C cable, one that is actually a newer validated one and see if the external GPU picks up that one.
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No. As you can see, standard USB-C cables might work fine even with Thunderbolt only devices,
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but only the ones with the built-in signal stabilizer, like this one, are actually guaranteed to work with Thunderbolt devices.
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And that's gonna be true for any connection using that PCIe-based Thunderbolt protocol,
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regardless of whether it's on an Intel certified Thunderbolt device or a USB-4 device.
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This is why USB 4 is only rated at 40 gigabit per second over a 1 meter cable
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While Thunderbolt 4 is rated at that same speed at up to 2 meters.
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To my knowledge, there are no non-Intel Thunderbolt USB 4 signal stabilized cable products.
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And curiously, this is another really interesting one,
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this active Thunderbolt 3 cable from Corning didn't work on any of our devices on our USB 4 laptop.
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Here, hold on, I can just demonstrate this real quick.
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There we go.
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Yeah, no dice.
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Which means that our days of hit or miss cable compatibility are not over, even if they are a lot better.
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To answer the question then, is USB 4 compatible with Thunderbolt 3 and 4 devices?
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The answer is yes, but also no. The level of compatibility really is going to come down to how good of an implementation you get.
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The Corsair Voyager A1600 performed admirably, but it's a machine that implements far better than the bare minimum spec,
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and one that doesn't go this far may not be as smooth.
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And, as we saw today, your mileage may vary when it comes to unofficial features,
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like daisy chaining and support for specialty cables like these optical ones from Corning.
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The big question this raises then is why did the USB-IF allow half-baked USB 4 at all?
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Well, it seems to come down to phones.
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Mobile devices could get some very valid benefits from USB 4, like higher data rates and DisplayPort tunneling for external devices with Samsung decks or whatever.
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But they're unlikely to need the PCIe tunneling that Thunderbolt is known for or daisy chaining and the like.
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They're also unlikely to need this segue to our sponsor that I'm known for, because we already told you it's sponsored by Corsair.
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If you guys enjoyed this video and you're looking to learn more about Thunderbolt, this video on short circuit shows off my very favorite Thunderbolt 4-dog.
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It's actually, this one.
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It's freaking awesome.
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Two and a half gig land.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 211 frasi e 2602 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 17:04. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 152 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Solo il 76% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| laptop sostantivo | /ˈlæp.tɑp/ | notebook, laptop |
| tunnel sostantivo | /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ | tunnel, galleria |
| daisy sostantivo | /ˈdeɪ.zi/ | pratolina, margheritina |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | connettere, connettersi |
| compatibility sostantivo | /kəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/ | compatibilità |
| plug sostantivo | /plʌɡ/ | spina |
| sponsor sostantivo | /ˈspɒn.səː/ | sponsor |
| implementation sostantivo | /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/ | implementazione, attuazione |
| unlikely aggettivo | /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ | improbabile |
| vary verbo | /ˈvɛəɹi/ | variare |
| compliance sostantivo | /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/ | conformità |
| dock sostantivo | /dɑk/ | molo |
| optional aggettivo | /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/ | facoltativo, volontario |
| guarantee sostantivo | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garanzia |
| hook sostantivo | /hʊk/ | gancio, gancetto |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire | |
| go ahead verbo | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | procedere, andare avanti |
| go through verbo | attraversare | |
| pick up verbo | tirare su, sollevare | |
| show off verbo | vantare, vantarsi |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — un’abitudine o uno stato passato che non è più vero | used to be |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | can be left · have been designed · be required |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have come · has turned · we've tried |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 44 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, don't, they're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/, smooth /smuːð/, motherboard /ˈmʌðɚˌbɔɹd/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, compatibility /kəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/, implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, compatible /kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come laptop, tunnel, daisy.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.