シャドーイング練習: 13 Tips on How to Survive Wild Animal Attacks - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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13 tips you should know to survive wild animal attacks.
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Many wild animals can be dangerous or even fatal for a person.
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If you look at the statistics, you might feel terrified.
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Sharks cause just six deaths a year.
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Their infamous reputation is very exaggerated.
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Wolves are responsible for 10 deaths annually.
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Lions kill 22 people a year.
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Now get ready.
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Elephants, cute lovely giants, are the reason that more than 500 people lose their lives every year.
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Hippopotamuses equal them in this scary competition.
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Crocodiles turn out to be much more dangerous than sharks.
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About 1 ,000 deaths a year.
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But the champion here is the snake.
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100 ,000 people meet their end at the teeth of this reptile.
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To prepare you for any situation you can find yourself in,
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we've gathered 13 ways that will save your life if you have such an unpleasant encounter.
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Watch the video, make notes, and remember to give us thumbs up for worrying about your well -being.
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Number 13.
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Sharks The good news is that out of 150 species of sharks existing on Earth, only 20 attack humans.
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Most of them just don't perceive you as food.
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So if not something tasty, what good are you?
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Now down to the bad news.
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If a shark gets interested in you, it will be tough to break away.
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To not attract sharks, prevent blood or urine from getting into the water.
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Sharks can smell these at a distance of several miles.
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If you do meet face to face, don't turn your back on this predator.
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Especially don't try to escape in a panic.
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You will look like prey this way.
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Move slowly.
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If you have been caught, aim at the eyes and gills.
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These zones are the most sensitive.
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Number 12.
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Kangaroos.
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Yes, surprisingly, a kangaroo can pose a threat to a person.
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However, it will only happen if you enter its territory and the animal feels danger.
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To avoid a conflict, do the following.
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Cough.
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Your coughs should be short and quiet.
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The kangaroo will consider it a sign of a disease and most likely won't attack you.
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Slowly back away.
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This way you will look smaller, therefore less dangerous.
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Don't turn away and run.
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It will only provoke the animal.
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Remember that kangaroos are perfect jumpers.
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It will catch up with you in a few moments.
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Number 11.
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Lions If you have encountered a lion, maintain eye contact.
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Don't turn your back and don't move your eyes away.
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It will give the predator the time to attack.
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Try to look more massive.
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To create such an impression, lift your arms and jack it up.
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If you look big and threatening, the animal will try to avoid the encounter.
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Speak to the lion in a reasonably loud and confident voice.
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Make sounds and gesticulate.
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Such a behavior isn't typical for a victim.
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This way you will baffle the predator, so it will perceive you as an irritating presence, which is better to stay away from.
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Number 10.
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Elephants.
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Elephants are clever and quite friendly animals, but they are known to attack people.
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It is especially true about female elephant mothers if they decide that you are dangerous for their babies.
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If you come across an elephant, pay attention to their body language.
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If their trunk is curled and the ears are pulled back, it means they are going to crush you.
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If the animal approaches, don't run.
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Try to find something to become a barrier between you and the elephant.
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It can be a stone or a tree.
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Number 9.
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Rhinoceroses Rhinoceroses have bad eyesight.
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That's why it is easy to frighten them and provoke them to attack.
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These animal speeds can reach 37 miles per hour.
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This is the reason it is really hard to outrun them.
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Hard but not impossible.
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The only way to escape from the rhinoceros is to hide behind a tree.
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It is a substantial obstacle for the animal.
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Also, it won't follow you through the bushes or high grass.
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8. Hippopotamuses These animals seem cute, but this image is very misleading.
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They can be extremely dangerous.
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Despite their weight, hippopotamuses can run at a speed of 18 .5 miles per hour.
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They don't have a perfect character as well.
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Angering them is easy peasy.
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If the weather is hot, try not to be a good person to enter the bushes.
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The level of water lowers during the drought, so the hippos hide in the high grass.
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To make the animals leave you alone, climb a tree, rock, or a steep hill.
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Wait there until it goes away.
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Number 7.
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Bulls Despite the widespread opinion, bulls react to the movement, not to the red or any other color.
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That's why, if a bull is running at you, stay straight and still.
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Use your hat, t -shirt, or other clothes you have at hand as bait.
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When the animal runs up close enough, throw the thing as far away from you as possible.
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The bull will change direction and follow this object.
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Number 6.
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Jellyfish.
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A jellyfish burn brings a long -lasting, nagging ache.
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Some Some people believe that peeing on the damaged surface can relieve the pain, but it is just an urban legend.
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Immediately after being burnt, wash this place with salt water.
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Pure water will only worsen the situation.
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After that, using a pair of tweezers or a stick, move the remaining parts of the jellyfish away.
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If you have antihistamine ointment, apply it to the place of the burn.
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Number 5.
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Alligators or crocodiles.
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The jaws of these animals are the strongest on the planet.
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In this case, breaking free won't be a piece of cake.
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If you've been grabbed, hit the eyes.
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The eyes and the throat of these animals are their most sensitive areas.
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To make the animal let you go, aim at them.
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If you notice that the predator is crawling toward you on the ground, make as much noise as possible run in a zigzag.
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This is exactly the situation when to run and shout is the best solution.
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If you see a crocodile while swimming, don't create splashes.
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Don't shout.
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It will draw the unwanted attention.
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Try to be as quiet as you can and swim away.
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Number four, snakes.
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Most snakes are neither dangerous nor poisonous.
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People get 80 % of their bites trying to catch this reptile.
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If you notice that a snake is following you, stomp your feet.
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The vibrations will confuse the snake and it will let you be.
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If you have been bitten, don't try to suck the poison out from the wound as they do in the movies.
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Better to wash the bite with running water, apply a tourniquet, and call an emergency.
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Number 3.
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Bears Bears attack people quite rarely, but if you get in the wrong place at the wrong time, it might still happen.
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It is necessary to know several behavioral rules.
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Don't run.
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If you run, you will look like prey.
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A wild animal will follow you, at least out of instinct.
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And if you think that you cannot run a bear, forget it.
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They can develop a speed of 30 miles per hour.
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Fall to the ground and curl into a ball.
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Use your hands to cover your neck.
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Pretend to be dead.
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This way you won't be considered as a threat any longer.
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The bear might toss you around for a bit.
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Don't panic.
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Play dead a bit longer, even if it leaves you alone, because these smart animals often stay around and watch their prey.
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Number 2.
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Gorillas Gorillas are called the kings of the jungle, not without reason.
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They are leaders who protect their family and land.
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They don't attack you if you behave obediently.
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Sit down to seem less large and not to tower over the gorilla.
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Try to whisper and avoid direct eye contact.
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In case of an attack or approach, curl into a ball.
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Gorillas are proud animals.
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As a rule, they won't attack the weak and defenseless.
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Number 1.
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Bees Bees will protect their hive.
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They can bite even if you are just walking by.
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Dark colors attract bees' attention.
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That's why if you're dressed in a black t -shirt, your chances of being stung by these insects are much higher.
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If a hive of bees or just several of them are following you, hide in a dark place.
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The lack of proper lighting will throw the insects off your track.
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We hope you will never have to escape from a rhinoceros, swim away from a crocodile, or meet a hungry lion.
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However, now you will be able to protect yourself in the wilderness.
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Share this video with your friends, make sure they stay safe.
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And we will appreciate your likes.
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The more of them we get, the more people will be able to see this video, and perhaps it will save somebody's life.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「13 Tips on How to Survive Wild Animal Attacks」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：animal, attack, shark, elephant, dangerous。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が154文、単語が1464語あります。 音声の長さは9:59です。 話す速さは1分あたり約147語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| elephant 名詞 | /ˈɛlɪfənt/ | 象, ゾウ |
| lion 名詞 | /ˈlaɪən/ | ライオン, 獅子 |
| snake 名詞 | /sneɪk/ | 蛇, ヘビ |
| bite 動詞 | /baɪt/ | 噛む |
| bee 名詞 | /ˈbiː/ | 蜂, 花蜂 |
| predator 名詞 | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | 天敵 |
| kangaroo 名詞 | /ˌkæŋ.ɡəˈɹu/ | カンガルー |
| encounter 動詞 | /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ | 出会う, 遭遇する |
| swim 動詞 | /swɪm/ | 泳ぐ |
| prey 名詞 | /pɹeɪ/ | 獲物 |
| curl 名詞 | /kɜɹl/ | 巻き毛 |
| sensitive 形容詞 | /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ | 敏感な |
| grass 名詞 | /ɡɹɑːs/ | 草, 雑草 |
| panic 名詞 | /ˈpænɪk/ | パニック, 恐慌 |
| attract 動詞 | /əˈtɹækt/ | 引きつける |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| break away 動詞 | 脱却する |
| go away 動詞 | 去る, 出る |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Most of them just don't perceive you as food.
- If you've been grabbed, hit the eyes.
- They don't attack you if you behave obediently.
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | If you run, you will look |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | have been caught · are known · is curled |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | we've gathered · have been caught · have encountered |
| 最上級 the -est / the most … — グループの中で一番 | the most sensitive · the strongest · their most sensitive |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, won't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を23回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: throat /ˈθɹoʊt/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: shout /ʃaʊt/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, substantial /səbˈstænʃəl/, crush /kɹʌʃ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, hippopotamus /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: curl /kɜɹl/, rarely /ˈɹɛəɹli/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, hive /haɪv/, clever /ˈklɛv.ɚ/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: elephant /ˈɛlɪfənt/, cough /kɔf/, wolf /wʊlf/, fatal /ˈfeɪ.təl/, infamous /ˈɪn.fə.məs/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。elephant, lion, snakeなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。