シャドーイング練習: FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 Explained #construction #civilengineering #quantitysurveyor - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

Hello guys, welcome to our YouTube channel.

In this video I'm gonna discuss about Fidic Yellow Book 2nd edition, which was published in 2017.

I hope you all know that this book consists of conditions of contract for plant and design build projects.

As a construction professional, it is really important to have a sound understanding on Fidic clauses.

When you say conditions, there are two types of conditions.

General conditions, and particular conditions.

First we'll discuss about general conditions.

Fidic Yellow Book 2017 consists of 21 clauses.

So I'm hoping to explain everything in this document in a series of videos.

So, make sure you subscribe to this channel

and hit the bell icon then you can join with me in the future videos as well.

Now let's start today's video with, clause number 1, general provisions.

This clause consists of 16 sub-clauses.

Let's discuss one by one.

Sub-clause 1.1, Definitions.

When you're referring to FIDIC documents, you must be very familiar with these defined words.

And be mindful that you must use these defined words in your documentation and correspondence, exactly the same way as they are written in this book.

For example, when you write accepted contract amount, it should be like this, and not like this.

Works should be like this, not like this.

This is really really important.

Ok, now let's go through these definitions.

There are 90 definitions altogether, so I'm not gonna describe one by one, and I will skip the straightforward ones.

I think it's better to start off with base date, since we will be discussing on advance payment certificate and guarantee under clause 14.

So, base date is the date 28 days prior to tender submission date.

But, there's a special word, latest, latest date of submission, which means if the tender submission date extended, then the base date automatically changes accordingly.

This base date is vital because the contractor shall do the pricing by considering the information, regulations and conditions prevailing at the base date.

Also, the rate analysis for the project is prepared with the cost data available at the time of base date.

So, the base date is generally used as a mechanism for the allocation of risk between employer

and contractor for changes that might occur during the period between the contractor pricing the tender and the signing of the contract.

So in general a base date is a reference date from which changes in conditions can be assessed.

To explain a little bit further, I'll link this to another definition, unforeseeable.

It says unforeseeable means not reasonably foreseeable by an experienced contractor by the base date.

So this base date is clearly connected with risks.

Okay, so now we'll move on to next definition, claim.

This is a very popular term I guess in the construction industry.

A claim can be defined as a request or an assertion, which means a confident statement with evidence from either party of the contract to the other for an entitlement

which of course is for an additional payment or an extension of time

if you are the contractor and if you are the employer a cost reduction may be.

Not only that, you can submit a claim for a relief as well.

I think this could be a relief from a delay damages or some kind of a penalty.

So, you can initiate a claim under various circumstances as described in this document, we will discuss about those under the relevant clauses.

For now, I want you to have a quick look at clause 20.2.4, fully detailed claim.

So you should be certain that you have fulfilled all these four requirements when you are submitting a claim.

Then I'm going to talk about compliance verification system.

However, under definitions, you cannot get a clear idea about it.

Therefore, I'll take you to sub-clause 4.9.2.

Basically this system is implemented to ensure that the contractor is maintaining the required quality during the construction, as well as all the functional requirements are fulfilled.

So if we go through the clause, it says, the contractor shall prepare and implement a compliance verification system to demonstrate that the design,

materials, employer-supplied materials, plant, work and workmanship comply in all respects with the contract.

Further, this system should be prepared referring to employers' requirements, specifications, and regulations.

So the contractor shall mention in this system how he's going to report the results of all inspections and tests carried out.

You must have heard the term, NCR, non-compliances report which are issued when the contractor fails to comply with the expected quality.

Also, in the event that any inspection or test identifies a non-compliance with the contract, sub-clause 7.5, defects and rejection shall apply.

So next, we'll talk about the definition, contract.

When you consider a construction contract, it doesn't mean only the contract agreement, there are a lot more to follow as shown here, letter of acceptance, letter of tender and addendums,

these conditions which means conditions of contract, employer's requirement, contractor's design and price proposals,

specifications, JV undertaking if it's applicable and other documents mentioned in contract agreement or LOA.

So, a construction contract is a very vast area.

Okay now let's talk about contract data.

Contract data is part A of particular conditions.

So it is actually some kind of link between general and particular conditions.

When you go through general conditions clauses, you will find a number of places, as stated in the contract data.

Which means certain sub clauses in the general conditions require that specific information.

So, you can find all the specific information relevant to the project under contract data, such as, employer's details, time for completion,

advance payment percentage, retention amount percentage, and so on.

Remember that contract data do not make any changes to the general conditions mentioned in FITIC.

If you want to change any of the sub clauses in general conditions, you shall do it using Particular Conditions Part B, Special Provisions.

We'll talk about those separately.

Next I'm gonna talk about, Contractors' Documents, which means the documents prepared by the contractor as described in Sub-Clause 5.2,

including calculations, digital files, computer programs and other software,

drawings, manuals, models, specifications, and other documents of a technical nature, and if we go to sub-clause 5.2,

it says contractors' documents shall comprise, as specified in the employer's requirements, required to satisfy all permits,

permissions, licenses and other regulatory approvals, which are the contractor's responsibility under sub-clause 1.13 compliance with laws,

and as described in sub-clause 5.6, as built records, and sub-clause 5.7, Operation and Maintenance Manuals.

So I want to show you something, in this document, most of the sub-clauses are connected to one or more sub-clauses.

So you need to be thorough with all these conditions when you are working with contract-related matters.

Then I will quickly talk about, Contractor's Equipment.

Make sure you always use the correct term equipment, not equipments.

Contractor's Equipment means all apparatus, equipment, machinery, construction plant, vehicles and other items required by the contractor for the execution of the works.

Here I want to highlight the words, execution, and works.

Works, clause number 1.1.89 means, permanent works and temporary works.

So equipment are used for the execution of temporary and permanent works.

But, anything that forms a part of permanent works, or anything that can be identified under temporary works, is not an equipment.

Equipment are only used for execution of works.

For example, if you have to supply a crane under the contract which you hand over to the client, then it's not a contractor's equipment.

Okay then we'll talk about, Contractor's Personnel.

Contractor's Personnel means the contractor's representative, who is the authorized person to be act on contractor's behalf,

and all personnel whom the contractor utilizes on site or other places, such as a fabrication yard, where the works are being carried out,

including the staff, labor and other employees of the contractor, and of each subcontractor, and any other personnel assisting the contractor in the execution of the works.

So, contractor's personnel includes all the subcontractor's personnel as well.

Then I will talk about, cost.

Cost means all expenditure including taxes, overheads, and similar charges excluding profit, reasonably incurred by the contractor in performing the contract.

So any expenditure before entering the contract cannot be taken as a cost.

So we talked about few definitions up to now.

I don't want to make this video too long since it might be boring

and I wanted to give a brief about this book from this video.

We'll talk about the remaining definitions and other clauses in the upcoming videos.

I would like to request all of you who are new

to the construction industry to have a look at Fidic Yellow Book because it will be very helpful to you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 Explained」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：clause, contract, conditions, contractor, date。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が99文、単語が1470語あります。音声の長さは8:52です。話す速さは1分あたり約166語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
clause 名詞	/klɔːz/	節
tender 形容詞	/ˈtɛn.dɚ/	過敏
specification 名詞		仕様, スペック
consist 名詞	/kənˈsɪst/	編成
submission 名詞	/səbˈmɪʃən/	服従, 恭順
verification 名詞	/ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/	確証, 検証
litter 名詞	/ˈlɪt.ɚ/	ごみ
expenditure 名詞	/ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/	消費
fulfill 動詞	/fʊlˈfɪl/	遂行する, 実施する
comply 動詞	/kəmˈplaɪ/	従う, 応じる
authorize 動詞	/ˈɔθəɹaɪz/	公認する, 許可する
assertion 名詞	/əˈsɜɹʃən/	主張
circumstance 名詞	/ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/	状況, 事情
defect 名詞	/ˈdiːfɛkt/	欠陥, 欠点
initiate 動詞	/ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/	始める, 取り掛かる

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
carry out 動詞	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	行う, 実行する

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

First we'll discuss about general conditions.
Let's discuss one by one.
Then I'm going to talk about compliance verification system.
We'll talk about those separately.

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	was published · are written · is prepared
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	edition, which was · submission, which means · assertion, which means

注意したい発音

話し手はwe'll, I'm, gonnaなど、短縮形や弱形を19回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/, thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
「sh」と「zh」の音: submission /səbˈmɪʃən/, verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, workmanship /ˈwɜːk.mən.ʃɪp/, assertion /əˈsɜɹʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, expenditure /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, foreseeable /fɔɹˈsi.ə.bəl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, foreseeable /fɔɹˈsi.ə.bəl/, prevail /pɹɪˈveɪl/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/, separately /ˈsɛp.ɹət.li/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, prevail /pɹɪˈveɪl/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: verification /ˌvɛ.ɹə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/, fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/, foreseeable /fɔɹˈsi.ə.bəl/, mindful /ˈmaɪnd.fl̩/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。clause, tender, specificationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: FIDIC Yellow Book 2017 Explained #construction #civilengineering #quantitysurveyor - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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