シャドーイング練習: Let's do karaoke - Shadowing practice - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Let's get Hi there, I'm Tony Grant and this is Learn English with Tony.
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A weekly podcast to improve your listening skills and grow your English vocabulary.
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Join me for a new episode every Friday where I'll give a short talk on a theme
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and explore a few interesting words and phrases for you.
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Okay everyone, the holidays are over now and it's back to work, or school, whichever stage of life you're in.
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January's always a slightly tough time in the Northern Hemisphere, don't you think?
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We come back from a nice break over the end of year holidays
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and we land with a bump in the coldest month of the year.
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But I hope you've all had a nice break anyway and are feeling refreshed and ready for another year.
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One of the things I enjoyed over New Year was doing a bit of karaoke here in Tokyo.
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Who doesn't love the chance to get behind the microphone and pretend to be a rock star for a couple of hours?
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I have to admit that nobody needs to hear me trying to sing Wonderwall by Oasis, but I enjoy myself anyway.
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If you're not familiar with karaoke, it was invented in Japan in the 1960s and early 70s.
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The name comes from a combination of two words in Japanese,
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kara meaning empty and oke which is short for orchestra.
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So karaoke literally means empty orchestra, or singing without a live band.
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The story goes that in Japan in the 60s, bars often had live musicians who would accompany customers singing popular songs.
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When those musicians weren't available, bar owners started to use pre-recorded instrumental tracks instead.
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Customers could still sing, but the orchestra was now empty, so to speak.
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The person most often credited with inventing karaoke is a man called Daisuke Inoue, a musician from Kobe.
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In 1971, he created a simple machine that played backing tracks on tape while customers sang into a microphone.
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Inoue rented these machines out to bars and clubs and they became really popular.
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But amazingly, he never patented his invention.
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He never obtained a license or patent for his machines and
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that allowed other people to copy his idea and create competing machines, and they all spread quickly across Japan.
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By the late 1970s and 80s, karaoke boxes appeared.
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These were small private soundproof rooms that could be rented by the hour,
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which were absolutely perfect for small groups of friends to use, and that's what you can find today all over Japanese cities.
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From the 1980s onwards, karaoke spread outside Japan, first through East and Southeast Asia,
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and then eventually to Europe, America and beyond.
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There are a few differences, of course.
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Western karaoke is often about public performance, and you find yourself singing in front of a bar,
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whereas Japanese karaoke is mostly private and in small groups.
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And believe it or not, in 1999, Time magazine named Daisuke Inoue,
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one of the most influential Asian people of the 20th century, acknowledging karaoke's massive global cultural impact.
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But the benefits of karaoke might not only be cultural.
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Studies have shown that singing might actually have a lot of health benefits too.
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It's believed that singing directly activates the vagus nerve through our vocal cords and the muscles at the back of the throat.
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The vagus nerve is a major part of the nervous system connecting your brain to your organs
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and it plays a big role in rest and relaxation.
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When you exhale or breathe out
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while singing you stimulate the vagus nerve causing endorphins to be released
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which can create pleasure and a sense of well-being and also reduce pain.
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So singing really can reduce your stress levels
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which is something I think the Japanese must have known since at least the early 1970s, given that there's a karaoke box on almost every street corner here.
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I wouldn't be surprised if hearing singing has a similar effect on our stress levels too.
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I don't mean hearing someone like me trying to sing Bohemian Rhapsody in karaoke of course.
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I'm thinking of more gentle, calm types of singing.
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After all, most mothers of newborn babies sing to their child, and the mother's singing seems to have a sort of calming effect on the baby.
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That's where lullabies come from, gentle songs that we sing to children to send them to sleep.
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One of the most striking benefits of singing though is its positive effect on the brains of people suffering from cognitive decline,
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like elderly people with dementia.
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Singing demands a lot from the brain because it requires attention and forces us to remember words and lyrics.
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It's also believed that singing helps the brain to rewire itself, creating new pathways and networks of neurons.
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And that's why it's being used by some researchers to help treat people who have suffered a brain stroke, to help them recover their speech.
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Isn't the human brain amazing?
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Anyway, regardless of all these benefits of singing, it's also just plain good fun, especially in a karaoke box with your mates.
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So on that note, I think I'm going to sit down and plan my New Year's karaoke playlist.
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Thank you for listening to Learn English with Tony.
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If there's a topic you'd like me to talk about in a future episode,
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just send an email to learnenglish.mobile at britishcouncil.org and remember, stay safe everyone.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Let's do karaoke - Shadowing practice」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：singing, karaoke, brain, sing, Japanese。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が61文、単語が904語あります。 音声の長さは6:52です。 話す速さは1分あたり約132語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| karaoke 名詞 | /ˈkæ.ɹiˌəʊ.ki/ | カラオケ, ノレバン |
| orchestra 名詞 | /ˈɔː.kɪs.tɹə/ | オーケストラ |
| musician 名詞 | /mjuˈzɪʃən/ | 音楽家 |
| nerve 名詞 | /nɝv/ | 神経 |
| invent 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | 発明する |
| microphone 名詞 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ | マイクロフォン, マイク |
| gentle 形容詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/ | 優しい |
| patent 名詞 | /ˈpeɪtənt/ | 特許, 専売特許 |
| endorphin 名詞 | /ɛnˈdɔ(ɹ)fɪn/ | エンドルフィン |
| exhale 動詞 | /ˌɛksˈheɪ̯l/ | 息を吐く |
| lullaby 名詞 | /ˈlʌləbaɪ/ | 子守歌, ララバイ |
| neuron 名詞 | /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ | 神経細胞 |
| onward 副詞 | /ˈɒnwəd/ | 前へ |
| soundproof 形容詞 | 防音 | |
| playlist 名詞 | /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ | プレイリスト, 再生リスト |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| sit down 動詞 | 座る, 腰掛ける |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was invented · could be rented · be released |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have shown · have suffered |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | oke which is · people who have |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, don't, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を14回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: karaoke /ˈkæ.ɹiˌəʊ.ki/, amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, instrumental /ɪnstɹəˈmɛntəl/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, instrumental /ɪnstɹəˈmɛntəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vagus /ˈveɪ.ɡəs/, nerve /nɝv/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, whichever /wɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: microphone /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/, endorphin /ɛnˈdɔ(ɹ)fɪn/, refresh /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。karaoke, orchestra, musicianなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。