シャドーイング練習: Monetary vs Fiscal Policy Explained | PART 1 | Think Econ - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Hey everyone and welcome back to the channel.
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In this video we'll be looking at the biggest differences between monetary and fiscal policy.
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With that said let's get into it.
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So when looking at policy there's two main types that we talk about.
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We talk about fiscal policy and monetary policy
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and there's five main differences between them that we're going to be highlighting in this video very briefly.
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Firstly for fiscal policy it's controlled by the government
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so these are governmental decisions and monetary policy is actually controlled by the central bank
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so depending on which nation you're in that may be a different party
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but in canada that's the bank of canada in the united states the federal reserve
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and so on and so forth each country has a related central bank
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and that central bank implements monetary policy whereas their government implements fiscal policy the second big difference is
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that fiscal policy takes place by changing taxation
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and government spending whereas monetary policy takes place by changing the interest rate
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so the key drivers in these two policies are very different things again one taxation
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and government spending is controlled by the government
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and the interest rate is set by the central bank the third difference is
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that the main goals of fiscal policy are full employment
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and economic growth
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while the main goals of monetary policy is to manage inflation once again you might notice trend full employment
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and economic growth are very government heavy goals
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and managing inflation is the biggest cause for changing the interest rate in the first place
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so a very central bank -oriented goal as well.
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The fourth difference is that fiscal policy looks at the supply side
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and monetary policy looks at the demand side of an economy.
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So on the supply side think of investment and production and on the demand side think of consumption and retail investment.
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So finally this last one which is pretty intuitive is
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that fiscal policy inevitably takes longer and
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that monetary policy is just faster to implement
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and the reason for this once again is primarily due to who runs the show.
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The government runs the show for fiscal policy and that takes legislation
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and lots of red tape to get through versus monetary policy
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which is done by the central bank is pretty immediate when
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that overnight interest rate changes the banks and other financial institutions react very quickly
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and then that very quickly gets reflected to the general public
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and it hits its goals much faster now sometimes fiscal policy
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and monetary policy work together and sometimes they actually conflict one another
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and we'll talk about
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that in a different video in this video we just want to highlight the five main differences between them
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if you found this video helpful let us know by liking
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the video subscribing to the channel of course let us know in the comments section what sort of economic topics
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or homework questions you'd like to see us cover in the future.
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Thanks for watching this video and we'll catch you in the next.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Monetary vs Fiscal Policy Explained」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：policy, monetary, fiscal, bank, difference。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が43文、単語が519語あります。 音声の長さは2:29です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約209語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の89%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| monetary 形容詞 | /ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/ | 貨幣の, 金銭的な |
| implement 動詞 | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | 実行する, 実現する |
| highlight 動詞 | /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ | ハイライト |
| inflation 名詞 | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | インフレ, インフレーション |
| taxation 名詞 | /tækˈseɪ.ʃən/ | 課税 |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 話題, テーマ |
| helpful 形容詞 | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | 役に立つ, 有用 |
| institution 名詞 | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | 制度 |
| reflect 動詞 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 跳ね返す, 反射する |
| consumption 名詞 | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | 消費 |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | 対, バーサス |
| depend 動詞 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 依存する |
| overnight 副詞 | /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ | 一夜 |
| homework 名詞 | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | 宿題, 課題 |
| subscribe 動詞 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 購読する |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe'll, we're, you'dなど、短縮形や弱形を6回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, taxation /tækˈseɪ.ʃən/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: monetary /ˈmʌnɪtəɹi/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, briefly /ˈbɹiːfli/, firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: versus /ˈvɝsəs/, overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, intuitive /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fiscal /ˈfɪskəl/, inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, briefly /ˈbɹiːfli/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。monetary, implement, highlightなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。