シャドーイング練習: 케빈 시스트롬: 행동의 열매 - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
B2
At Stanford, you kind of started your first thing.
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At Stanford, you kind of started your first thing.
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It was a classified ad site, is that right?
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Yeah.
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As many people know, and I'm not sure how this has changed to date at Stanford and other schools,
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but like no one has money and all you want to do is get a fridge for your room, right?
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And I'm pretty certain that every single year someone starts this startup,
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and I caught this trap too,
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which is just like, how do you allow students to trade goods at the beginning and end of the year?
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And there's this interesting mismatch between like the end of the year,
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people want to get rid of the stuff in the beginning of the year,
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everyone wants to buy stuff.
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So I sat down and I decided to teach myself Ruby on Rails.
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And I was like, this is going to be a really awesome skill.
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So I learned that, learned about databases and learned enough to be dangerous.
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And this is like one of the lessons in entrepreneurship is that like,
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you don't have to be the best,
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but you have to be dangerous, right?
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You have to learn just enough to be dangerous to build an idea,
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concept it, and show it to the world.
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And then it turns out there are lots of other people,
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including all 170 employees that work at Instagram,
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who are much better at doing all that stuff than I am.
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But you need to find people who can,
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you know, be drawn to the idea that you build,
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and then they end up taking it and making it even better.
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So I worked on a classified ads startup at Stanford called The Tree List.
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It was supposed to be like Craigslist,
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but the tree is the same.
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It was a really terrible name.
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I'm not a marketing guy, by the way.
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Thank you, everyone, for laughing.
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So what's interesting, though, is I started it not at Stanford,
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but actually while I was studying abroad in Florence.
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So I love art history.
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I love photography, obviously.
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So I'd studied in Florence for three months.
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And I remember we didn't have much to do after class because,
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you know, it was the winter.
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It was cold.
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You know, I think the program had 12 students in it.
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So you'd go home to your,
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you know, host family and you'd eat an awesome Italian dinner.
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And then you'd sit there without TV and you'd just say,
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okay, what do I want to do?
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So Wi-Fi really wasn't a thing in their building.
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And I would have my laptop and I would literally just build this site at the time on my little,
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it was an iBook.
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And what I would do is actually to ship code,
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I would go outside of the apartment building, down the street.
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And like I remember specifically one day it was snowing.
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It doesn't snow in Florence very often,
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so that's why I remember it.
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It was snowing, and I would go next to the public library and lean with my laptop until I got enough signal.
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And I would like sync FTP to make the files go to the server,
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and then I would send off all my emails promoting it to people back at Stanford.
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So I was literally just trying to launch this thing from afar.
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There's so much you could learn from even launching this thing that,
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you know, a lot of people attempt,
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but the actual action of getting it out there,
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like that was probably the first,
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you know, first step to a lot of the other things that you did later.
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Yeah, I think what probably helped too was like the idea
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that I wasn't on the ground listening to whether
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or not people liked it gave me enough like ammunition and confidence to like keep working on it.
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And then all I had was like,
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are people using this or not?
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Not like, what do they think about it?
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And are they judging the idea?
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But like, are they using it?
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And that's really important because what people tell you and how people act are very,
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very different sometimes.
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So the lesson I learned was not very many people were using it.
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So we ended up, like I ended up forming the idea more into a like less of a overall Craigslist
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and more of it just a good transfer.
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But again, the other lesson here is sometimes it's not about the idea that you're working on,
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but instead the skills that you're learning while you work on it.
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And that really helped me,
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well, not only learn to program,
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but also like learn to market a consumer site to people.
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And I mean, colleges are probably the best form of marketing because everyone's interconnected and they talk all the time.
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I had the privilege of going to a Marine base once and talking to Marines about how they plan their next move.
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And there's this phrase called bias towards action that I really was taken to.
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So the idea that you can spend all of your time thinking about what the perfect next move is,
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trying to plan, am I gonna work at Google?
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Am I gonna work at Microsoft?
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Like which one?
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Like, am I gonna work at McKinsey or Bain?
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like trying to figure out all,
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like the next perfect move,
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and spending a tremendous amount of time trying to figure that out.
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The Marines say you can spend all the time you want,
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but by the time you figured it out, you're dead.
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Okay?
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So like sometimes you need to make a trade-off of what
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is the action I can take with the appropriate amount of information and risk to move,
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because moving and progress is what gets us to the next step.
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So for me, I mean,
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when I was in school trying to figure out what to do after college,
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all of my friends were interviewing at investment banks and Bain and McKinsey,
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and they were getting these offer letters with six figures.
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And I was like, oh,
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my God, six figures right out of college is crazy.
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By the way, it is.
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And it is.
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For a guy that didn't take a salary for the first two years of founding Bourbon slash Instagram,
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it was really harrying to think that people can have such a salary out of college,
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and you're going to go like,
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take not a great job, right?
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That you're going to do something that's a little riskier.
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It turns out, and I mean,
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don't quote me on this,
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because your parents will kill me,
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like, it's all going to be fine, okay?
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When I told my parents that I was going to go do a startup,
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and I know we're all a bit older here,
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but like, you know, when I told my parents I was going to do a startup,
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they're like, what about health insurance?
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And I was like, oh, that's a good point.
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What about health insurance?
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So thank you, parents, for making me think of that. So let's see here.
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It was scary, but that bias towards action was like,
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there's no perfect next move.
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You just need to know that by moving and learning,
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it all adds up.
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That summation of your experience over the last 10 years is what makes you into the thing tomorrow that will be successful.
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And it just takes trying and trying and trying again.
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I mean, Instagram filters came from a photography class that I took in Florence,
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where my photography teacher gave me a square format camera called a Holga.
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It's this plastic camera that got kind of hip with hipsters.
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And anyway, he handed it to me and he said,
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you should use this.
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And as we were developing the film,
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he's like, you know, you can change the look of the image
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if you put these chemicals in the bath when you're developing the print.
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And I was like, interesting.
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So, you know, you put it in,
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like the colors start changing to this interesting purple.
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And I started thinking to myself,
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like, oh, my God, this is like awesome.
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I'm going to do it on all my prints.
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And every time I made a print,
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every one of the people in that class were like,
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the prints are so cool.
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That idea laid dormant for like five years.
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So every little experience you have,
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you may not give credit to,
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but it turns out is super important for,
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you know, being foundational in your startup going forward.
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And you'll end up kind of figuring out how it takes form in your startup going forward.
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But each and every little experience adds up.
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この動画では、スタンフォード大学での経験や起業に関する話題が中心になっています。特に、限られた資源の中でどのようにアイデアを生み出し、それを実現させていくかの過程が説明されています。英語スピーキング練習において、実際の起業家の体験を知ることは非常に価値があります。自身の経験や思考を表現することで、自然な会話を構築するスキルを向上させることができます。さらに、リアルなシナリオにおける実用的な表現を学ぶことができ、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。この動画を使って、英語シャドーイングを行うことで、ネイティブスピーカーのイントネーションやリズムを身につけることが可能です。
文法と表現のコンテキスト
- 「どうやって...するのか？」 - 何かをする方法を尋ねる表現。例: 「どうやって商品を売買するのか？」
- 「十分に危険な知識を持つ」 - 力不足を自己嘲笑的に述べつつも、挑戦する勇気を表現。ビジネスの文脈でよく使われるフレーズ。
- 「特定のスキルを学ぶ」 - 自己啓発に関連する表現。例: 「Ruby on Railsを学んだ。」
- 「申し込む」 - 何かに参加することを意味する動詞。ビジネスシーンで使える重要な単語。
一般的な発音の罠
この動画では、以下のような単語やフレーズが発音の難易度を上げる要因となっています。
- 「スタンフォード」 - 「Stanford」の発音には特に注意が必要です。日本語の発音とは異なり、正確に発音することで理解されやすくなります。
- 「Ruby on Rails」 - 技術用語ですが、言いづらい部分があるかもしれません。リズムを練習しながら話すことで、自信を持って発音できるようになります。
- 「クラシファイド広告」 - 「classified ads」と「広告」の部分は、流れるように話す練習が効果的です。
これらの発音に気をつけながら、英語スピーキング練習を行い、 shadowspeak や shadowspeaksの技術を応用して、効果的に表現力を高めましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。